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A&P-Chapter 11
Muscles, muscles, and more muscles!
45
Anatomy
Not Applicable
11/06/2011

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Term
pulling on insertion bones across joints
Definition
skeletal muscles produce movement by
Term
bones
Definition
act as levers
Term
joints
Definition
act as fulcrums of levers
Term
lever
Definition
rigid rod that moves about a fixed point
Term
fulcrum
Definition
fixed point
Term

resistance (0pposes movement)

 and

effort (muscle contraction/force needed to achieve action)

Definition
levers acted on by two forces
Term
first-class lever
Definition
fulcrum located between effort and resistance (seesaw)
Term
second-class levers
Definition
fulcrum at one end, effort at opposite, and resistance in between (wheelbarrow)
Term
third-class levers
Definition
fulcrum at one end, resistance at opposite, and effort in between; most common
Term
leverage
Definition
mechanical advantage gained by lever and is responsible for muscle's strength and ROM
Term
parallel
Definition
fasciculi are parallel with longitudinal axis and terminate at either end in flat tendons
Term
fusiform
Definition
modification of parallel in which muscle tapers toward the tendons; diameter is then less then the belly
Term
pennate
Definition
fasciculi are short and directed obliquely toward the tendon
Term
unipennate
Definition
fasciculi on only one side of tendon
Term
bipennate
Definition
fasciculi on both sides of central tendon
Term
multipennate
Definition
broad origin of muscle fibers that converge to narrow, restricted insertionl; triangular shape
Term
circular
Definition
fasciculi arranged in circular patter and enclose opening
Term
prime mover (agonist)
Definition
muscle that causes desired action
Term
antagonist
Definition
opposite effect to that of prime mover
Term
synergists
Definition
muscles that assist prime movers helping to steady a movement
Term
fixators
Definition
synergist muscles that serve to stabilize origin of prim mover so prime mover can act more efficiently (scapula held against back and arm muscles attached to scapula)
Term
flexors
Definition
decrease angle of joint
Term
extensors
Definition
return part from flexion to normal position
Term
abductors
Definition
move bone away from midline of body
Term
adductors
Definition
move bone toward midline of body
Term
rotators
Definition
cause part to pivot on its axis
Term
levators
Definition
raise part
Term
depressors
Definition
lower part
Term
sphinctors
Definition
reduce size of opening
Term
tensors
Definition
tense part or make it more rigid
Term
supinators
Definition
turn hand palm upward
Term
pronators
Definition
turn hand palm downward
Term
origin of muscle
Definition
attachment of muscle to stationary bone
Term
insertion
Definition
attachment of tendon to movable bone
Term
belly
Definition
fleshy portion between origin and insertion
Term
ROM
Definition
Range Of Motion
Term
triangular
Definition
fasciculi spread over broad area and converage at thick central tendon (pectoralis major)
Term
compartment
Definition
group of skeletal muscles, and associated blood vessels and nerves, that have common function
Term
levator
Definition
its action
Term
oblique, rectus, transverse
Definition
direction of fibers
Term
intercostal, tibialis anterior
Definition
its location
Term
 triceps, biceps
Definition
number of divisions composing it
Term
trapezius, serratus
Definition
its shape
Term
thyrohyoid
Definition
its points of attachment
Term
maximus, minimus, longus
Definition
its size
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