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A & P 2 CV Exam
Laura's quicky flashcards for cardiovascular exam
54
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
11/06/2009

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Term
NAME THE LAYERS OF THE HEART WALL AND PERICARDIUM IN ORDER
Definition

-FIBROUS PERICARDIUM

-PARIETAL PERICARDIUM

-PARICARDIAL CAVITY

-VISCERAL (EPICARDIUM)

-MYOCARDIUM

-ENDOCARIUM

Term
WHAT IS THE MEDIASTINUM? WHAT STRUCTURES ARE LOCATED IN IT?
Definition
ANATOMICAL REGION THAT EXTENDS FROM THE STERNUM TO THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN; AORTA, HEART, AND ASOPHAGUS
Term
WHAT TWO LAYERS OF THE PERICARDIUM FORM A DOUBLE-LAYERED SAC AROUND THE HEART?
Definition
FIBROUS AND PARIETAL
Term
WHAT TWO LAYERS OF THE PERICARDIUM ARE SEROUS MEMBRANE (DOES NOT OPEN TO THE OUTSIDE)
Definition
VISCERAL AND PARIETAL
Term
NAME THE VESSELS THAT ENTER OR LEAVE EACH CHAMBER
Definition

-INFERIOR AND SUPERIOR VENA CAVA ENTER RIGHT ATRIUM

-PULOMONARY TRUNK EXITS RIGHT VENTRICLE

-PULMONARY VEINS ENTER LEFT ATRIUM

-AORTA EXITS LEFT VENTRICLES

Term
BLOOD RETURNING FROM THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION ENTERS WHICH SIDE OF THE HEART?
Definition
RIGHT
Term
BLOOD RETURNING FROM THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION ENTERS WHICH SIDE OF THE HEART?
Definition
LEFT
Term
IF YOU WERE A DROP OF BLOOD STARTING IN THE AORTA NAME DIRECTION OF FLOW YOU WOULD MAKE. (LIST STRUCTURES, VALVES, VESSELS AND CHAMBERS)
Definition
AORTA->ARTERIES->SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION->SUPERIOR/INFERIOR VENA CAVA->RIGHT ATRIUM->TRI-CUSPID (AV) VALVE->RIGHT VENTRICLE->PULMONARY (SL) VALVE->PULMONARY TRUNK->PULMONARY CIRCULATION->LUNGS->PULMONARY VEINS->LEFT ATRIUM->BI-CUSPID (MITRAL AV) VALVE->LEFT VENTRICLE->AORTIC (SL) VALVE->AORTA
Term
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES AND THE SEMI-LUNAR VALVES?
Definition
AV= POCKETS
SL= HALF MOON
Term
DESCRIBE THE CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF AN IMPULSE THROUGH THE HEART.
Definition
S-A NODE->SPREADS THROUGHOUT THE ATRIA (ATRIA CONTRACTS)->A-V NODE->AV BUNDLE->BUNDLE BRANCHES->PURKINJIE FIBERS->VENTRICLES CONTRACT
Term
WHAT DOES DIASTOLE MEAN?
Definition
RELAXATION
Term
WHAT DOES SYSTOLE MEAN?
Definition
CONTRACTION
Term
LIST EACH "MECHANICAL" EVENT WITH ITS "ELECTRICAL" EVENT.
Definition
QRS WAVE= VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
T WAVE= DIASTOLE
P WAVE= ATRIAL SYSTOLE
Term
DURING DIASTOLE WHICH VALVES ARE OPEN AND WHICH ARE CLOSED? WHERE IS BLOOD FLOWING TO AND FROM?
Definition
AV OPEN AND SL CLOSED
VEINS->ATRIA->VENTRICLE
Term
DURING ATRIAL SYSTOLE WHICH VALVES ARE OPEN AND WHICH ARE CLOSED? WHERE IS BLOOD FLOWING TO AND FROM?
Definition
AV OPEN AND SL CLOSED
ATRIA->VENTRICLES
Term
DURING VENTRICLE SYSTOLE WHICH VALVES ARE OPEN AND WHICH ARE CLOSED? WHERE IS BLOOD FLOWING TO AND FROM?
Definition
AV CLOSED AND SL OPEN
VENTRICLES->ARTERIES
Term
WHICH STAGE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE IS CONSIDERED THE "FILLING STAGE"?
Definition
DIASTOLE
Term
WHAT STAGE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE IS THE MAIN PUMPING EVENT?
Definition
VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
Term
WHAT IS VENOUS RETURN?
Definition
THE VOLUME OF BLOOD RETURNING TO THE RIGHT VENTRICLES
Term
WHAT IS PRELOAD?
Definition
STRETCHING OF HEART DURING FILLING
Term
WHAT IS CONTRACTILITY?
Definition
THE STRENGTH (OR FORCE) OF CONTRACTION AT PRE-LOAD
Term
WHAT ARE INOTROPIC EFFECTS?
Definition
THEY INCREASE OR DECREASE CONTRACTILITY
Term
WHAT IS AFTER-LOAD?
Definition
THE PRESSURE THAT MUST BE REACHED BEFORE BLOOD EJECTS FROM VENTRICLES
Term
WHAT IS THE EJECTION FRACTION?
Definition
FRACTION OF EDV THATS EJECTED DURING AN AVERAGE HEART BEAT (SV/EDV=EF)
Term
WHAT IS THE S-A NODE'S RATE OF FIRING MODIFIED BY?
Definition
ENDOCRINE AND ANS
Term
NAME THE 3 LAYERS OF A BLOOD VESSEL AND A BREIF DESCRIPTION OF EACH.
Definition
TUNICA INTIMA(ENDOTHELIUM)=ONLY LAYER OF CAPILLARY WALLS, FACILITATES BLOOD FLOW
TUNICA MEDIA= SMOOTH MUSCLE AND ELASTIC TISSUE
TUNICA EXTERNA= FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Term
WHAT EFFECT WOULD INCREASED K+ HAVE ON HEART FUNCTION?
Definition
DECRESED HEART RATE & CONTRACTILITY
Term
WHAT EFFECT WOULD INCREASED OR DECREASED LEVELS OF Ca2+ HAVE ON HEART FUNCTION?
Definition
DECREASED CA2+= DECREASED FORCE OF CONTRACTION
INCREASED= INCREASED HEART RATE AND CONTRACTION
Term
WHAT VESSEL HAS WALLS ONLY OF SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS?
Definition
CAPILLARIES
Term
WHAT VESSEL IS MAINLY COMPOSED OF SMOOTH MUSCLE?
Definition
ARTERIOLES
Term
WHICH VESSEL CONTAINS VALVES?
Definition
VEINS
Term
WHICH VESSELS ACT AS "VOLUME RESERVOIR" FOR BLOOD?
Definition
VEINS
Term
WHICH VESSEL IS CAPABLE OF MOST SIGNIFICANT VASOCONSTRICTION AND VASODILATION?
Definition
ARTERIOLES
Term
WHAT IS BLOOD FLOW?
Definition
"TISSUE PERFUSION"
Term
WHAT IS BLOOD PRESSURE?
Definition
DRIVING FORCE FOR FLOW
Term
WHAT IS PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE?
Definition
OPPOSING FLOW
Term
WHAT IS MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE?
Definition
MAP=DIASTOLIC BP+1/3(SYSTOLIC BP-DIASTOLIC BP)
Term
WHAT IS PULSE PRESSURE?
Definition
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC PRESSURE (110/70 BP READING 40=PP)
Term
IN A BP READING OF 110/70 WHICH IS DIASTOLIC PRESSURE AND WHICH IS SYSTOLIC PRESSURE?
Definition
DIASTOLIC=70
SYSTOLIC=110
Term
WHEN YOU FEEL YOUR PULSE WHAT ARE YOU ACTUALLY FEELING?
Definition
PRESSURE WAVE; TRAVELING PRESSURE (BP)
Term
NAME THREE FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE.
Definition
1)SIZE OF LUMEN
2)LENGTH OF VESSEL
3)BLOOD VISCOSITY
Term
NAME TWO REASONS WHY CHANGES IN ARTERIOLE DIAMETER ARE IMPORTANT.
Definition
-SYSTEMIC CHANGES (REGULATED BY HORMONES OR NERVE IMPULSES)
-AUTOREGULATION (REGULATED BY CHEMICAL CHANGES)
Term
WHICH SPECIFIC DIVISION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS PRIMARILY INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF ARTERIOLE DIAMETER?
Definition
SYMPATHETIC
Term
WHICH HORMONE CAUSES VASODILATION WHICH DECREASES BP?
Definition
ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP)
Term
NAME 3 WAYS A SUBSTANCE CAN CROSS CAPILLARY WALLS.
Definition
-DIFFUSION (FOR SOLUTE EXCHANGE)
-TRANSCYTOSIS (FOR LARGE LIPID INSOLUBLE MOLECULES)
-BULK FLOW (REGULATES VOLUME OF BLOOD & ISF)
Term
HOW IS HOMEOSTATIC REGULATION OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE REGULATED?
Definition
BARORECEPTOR REFLEX
Term
THE EFFERENT (MOTOR) PATHWAY FOR THE BARORECEPTOR REFLEX IS ALONG WHICH NEURONS?
Definition
PARASYMPATHETIC AND SYMPATHETIC
Term
IN FETAL CIRCULATION, WHICH VESSEL DOES BLOOD FLOW FROM FETUS TO PLACENTA?
Definition
UMBILICAL ARTERIES
Term
IN FETAL CIRCULATION WHICH VESSEL DOES BLOOD PASS FROM PLACENTA TO FETUS?
Definition
UMBILICAL VEIN
Term
IN FETAL CIRCULATION WHAT IS THE FORAMEN OVALE?
Definition
THE OPENING BETWEEN THE LEFT AND RIGHT ATRIUM
Term
WHAT DOES THE DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS AND DUCTUS VENOSUS DO?
Definition
ARTERIOSUS= BY-PASSES LUNG
VENOSUS= BY-PASSES LIVER
Term
WHAT DOES THE CELIAC TRUNK SUPPLY?
Definition
3 BRANCHES (LEFT GASTRIC, SPLENIC AND COMMON HEPATIC)
Term
WHAT DOES THE SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR MESSENTRIC SUPPLY?
Definition
SUPERIOR= SMALL INTESTINES
INFERIOR= RECTUM
Term
WHAT DOES THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES SUPPLY?
Definition
INTERNAL=PELVIC ORGANS EXTERNAL= LOWER LIMBS
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