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a n p test 2
ch. 4 tissues, glands, and membranes
26
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/12/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

what is the study of tissues

 

Definition
histology
Term

name and describe the four main types of tissues

 

Definition

-epithelial- they cover surfaces, lines cavities and form glands

-connective- support and structure

-muscle- smooth, cardiac, skeletal (contracts to cause movement)

-nervous- conducts nerve impulses

Term

arrangement of epithelial tissues

 

Definition

-simple- 1 layer (ranch)

-stratified- 2 or more layers (condo)

fyi--pseudostratified- staggered 1 layer

-transitional- ability to stretch

 

Term
3 structures of epithelial tissue
Definition

-squamous- flat and irregular

-cuboidal- cube shaped

-columnar- long and narrow

Term
simple squamous epithelium
Definition
very permeable and thin, forms permeable membranes
Term

stratified squamous epithelium 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Definition

multiple layers.

wear and tear, protection

Term
cuboidal epithelium cells
Definition
typically line excretory ducts such as in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney
Term
columnar cells
Definition
absorb materials into the cell, process the materials, and then send it into the blood stream (digestive tract)
Term
glands def
Definition

an organ specialized to produce a secretion using materials removed from the blood stream

 

2 types:

exocrine glands

endocrine glands

Term
exocrine glands 
Definition

use tube or duct and secrete locally

-made up of epithelial tissue

ex. sebaceous glands, sweat glands, digestive part of pancreas

Term
endocrine glands
Definition
secrete into blood stream, carried through body and affects tissues all over body
Term
connective tissue def
Definition
the supporting fabric everywhere in the body
Term
matrix
Definition
nonliving material (water, minerals, fibers) b/w connective tissue cells
Term
4 types of connective tissue 
Definition

-liquid- blood and lymph

-soft- adipose and areolar

-figrous- ligaments/tendons, fascia

-hard- cartilage and bone

Term
2 types of soft connective tissue
Definition

areolar- loose, jellylike material around organs, cells, everything.  protective cushioning

 

-adipose- cells that store fat.  provide cushioning, protection,insulation

Term
explain fibrous connective tissue
Definition

-tough, flexible tissue containing the protein colegen

-some contain elastin which gives the tissue an elastic quality (lungs, vocal cords and large arteries)

Term
2 types of hard connective tissue
Definition

cartilage- rigid but very flexible, no blood or nerve supply

 

-bone- hardest, most dense, rigid yet inflexible

Term
3 types of cartilage
Definition

-hyaline- over the ends of the long bones

-fibrocartilage- b/w segments of the spine, pubic bone, knee (strongest in body)

-elastic cartilage- ear, larynx

 

---produced by condrosites

Term

membranes def

 

Definition
thin pliable sheet of tissue around an organ or structure
Term
2 types of membranes
Definition

epithelial membranes- outer surface (icing on cake)

 

connective tissue membranes- inner surface (the cake) 

Term

3 types of epithelial membranes

 

Definition

serous- cover and line body cavities and organs

-mucous- line entrances and exits to all openings

-cutaneous- skin

Term
3 types of serous epithelial membranes 
Definition

-pleura- lines thoracic cavity and lungs

-serous pericardium- the one around the heart

-peritoneum- lines the abdominal cavity and organs (also supports many blood vessels and organs of the abdomen.  gives a kind of loose structure)

Term

what are serous epithelial membranes made of and what is their purpose?

 

Definition

-mesothelium-

-allow organs to move with minimal friction

 

 

Term

explain mucous epithelial membranes

 

Definition

-secrete mucus (thick sticky substance)

-lines hollow systems connected to the outside world (respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive)

-some of these cells have cilia in the respiratory and reproductive tracts

-in the digestive tract, these cells protect the stomach and absorb nutrients

Term

name the 6 connective tissue membranes

 

Definition

-synovial-lines joint cavaties

-meninges- line brain and spinal cord

-fascia- sheets of tissue, supportive in nature (superficial- right under skin, deep- surrounds muscles)

-fibrous pericardium- CT sac surrounding the heart

-periosteum- surrounds the bones

-perichondrium- surrounds cartilage

 

 

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