a fuel found beneath

the earth's surface

that can be burned

to make heat and light

large companies that have factories

in several states or countries

petroleum;

oil direct from the ground

before it is

refined (cleaned and

made into useful products)

a fuel made from

crude oil that

was used in lamps

a factory where

crude oil is

made into useful products

people who come up with

new ideas for products

and new ways of doing things

new products and

methods of doing things

the first billionaire in the U. S.;

he bought several oil refineries and

formed the Standard Oil Company

worked as a toll collector

on the Miami and Erie Canal;

he bought a machine called the

"mechanical money drawer"

to help keep track of his money

and later built the

National Cash Register factory

ran a small rubber company

in New York which he moved to Akron

helping it earn its nickname as the

"Rubber Capital of the World"

he is credited with

more than 1,000 inventions,

but is best known for

inventing the electric lightbulb

brothers who experimented

with kites and gliders;

they invented the first successful

engine-powered plane

he made automobiles safer to start

by inventing the self-starter

which replaced the old

hand-crank starters

a Clevelander who

invented the gas mask

and the traffic light

he moved his glass factory

to Toledo because of the

low cost of fuel there

people who share

the same language,

customs, and history

run-down, crowed apartment

buildings that were abundant

during the turn of the century

(1890s to 1920s) due to

the high rate of immigration

a place that offers

education, hot meals, and

other services to the poor

Samuel

"Golden Rule"

Jones

a business owner who

became mayor of Toledo

and tried to improve the

living conditions for

the people of his city

a businessman who

became the mayor of Cleveland

and worked to improve

the city's housing and

city services

crowded, hot, stuffy

factories in which people

(which often included children)

worked long hours

for often 6-7 days a week

a group of workers who

join together for

better working conditions

one of the largest,

best-known labor unions

which was formed when

several smaller unions

joined forces

an important union

formed in Columbus

that worked for the rights of

coal miners

when union members

refuse to work

until an employer

improves working conditions

a cigar maker who

was the head of the

American Federation of Labor

How did the natural resources

found in Ohio help it

become an industrial state?

Ohio had large reserves of coal and coal was

in high demand, so the coal mining industry grew.

Natural gas and oil were also available and

in demand, so those industries grew as well.

Because natural gas was abundant and cheap in Toledo, the glass industry (which needed gas as a fuel) grew.

Because Cleveland was located on Lake Erie,

it was accessible to ships that brought iron ore in

to be made into steel and then shipped out

to places around the world.

Why did immigrants

come to Ohio to live?

Ohio had many strong industries

which attracted workers.

Living in the ethnic neighborhoods

that had formed made

people of different cultures

more comfortable.

How did immigrants

in Ohio live during the 1800s?

Most immigrants lived in cities

because that's where the jobs were.

Many lived in tenement houses

which were overcrowded, noisy,

run-down, and dirty because

they couldn't afford to move,

didn't know where else to move,

or nothing else was available.

Many worked long hours in sweatshops.

How did workers in Ohio

fight for their rights?

Workers in Ohio formed unions

to fight for their rights.

There was strength and

safety in numbers.

(They were less likely

to get fired if they

acted as a group.)

How did working conditions

change during the 1800s?

In 1852 Ohio passed a law that limited the

number of hours a 12-year-old could work in mines.

In 1905 a law was passed that said that

boys under 15 and girls under 16 could not

work while school was in session.

A few companies treated their employees fairly--

the National Cash Register Company

built safe, attractive factories for its workers and

two rubber companies in Akron helped their employees build good housing in special neighborhoods.

Unions called for fair pay, safe

working conditions, and a shorter work day.

People dumped their garbage into Lake Erie-->

People got typhoid fever from drinking polluted water.

B. F. Goodrich opened a rubber company in Akron--> Akron became known as

the "Rubber Capital of the World."