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a and p speech
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93
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/19/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
vertebral column
Definition

7 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

3-4 coccygeal

Term
body
Definition
(corpus)-ANTERIOR
Term
pedicles
Definition
legs that are posterior to corpus
Term
vertebral foramen
Definition
opening(hole)immediately posterior to the corpus
Term
spinious process
Definition
posterior projection from lamina(thin broad sheet of bone)
Term
transverse process
Definition
left aand right projection from lamina
Term
articular process
Definition
connects adjacent vertebrae
Term
transverse foramen
Definition
passageway for blood vessels
Term
C1: Atlas
Definition

support the skull for rotation

 

Term
C2: Axis
Definition
allows skull to pivot
Term
cervical vertebrae 3-7
Definition

long spinous process

-transverse foramen

nerves and blood vessels lie in the foramen traveling up the vertebral column into the skull

 

Term
lumbar vertebrae
Definition
large corpus (body)
Term

intervertebral joints

*cartligenous/amphiarthrodial joints

Definition
some movement
Term
Diathrodial (synovial) joint
Definition
movable
Term
pelvic girdle
Definition
connecting lower extremities to axia(vertebral column)
Term
illium
Definition
large, wing-like bone
Term
ischium
Definition

inferior-most bone

of pelvic girdle

Term
rib cage
Definition
sternum: midline connector for clavicle and ribs
Term
rib cage : sternum
Definition
12 ribs 10 attach to sternum
Term
rib and rib cage
true ribs
Definition
# 1-7
direct connect sternum
Term
rib and rib cage
false ribs
Definition
# 8-10
attach to cartilaginous portion running superiorly up to sternum
Term
ribs and rib cage
floating ribs
Definition
11 and 12
no anterior connection
Term
parts of sternum
Definition
manubrium sterni, corpus, xiphoid
Term
upper respiratory
Definition
nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx
Term
corpus
Definition
articualtion points for chondral portions of ribs 2-10
Term
lower repiratory tract
Definition
trachea and bronchi are what respiratory tract?
Term
trachea
Definition
11-12cm long tube
16-20 c-shaped rings
*hyaline cartilage
externally: fibroelastic membrane
internally: mucous membrane lining
Term
carina trachea
Definition
*point of bifurcation
*2 main stern bronchi
Term
bronchial tree
Definition
gas exchange occurs
Term
alveoli
Definition
region of gas exchange
Term
protection of respiratory tract
Definition
mucus membranes, cilia/hair
*nasal hair/ mucous
*upper respiratory system
Term
pleural linings
Definition
elastic and fibrous tissues
Term
visceral pleurae
Definition
outer lining of lungs
Term
parietal pleurae
Definition
inner lining of thoracic cavity
Term
inhalation(inspiration)
Definition
breathing in
active process
quiet inspiration-1 muscle
-forced inspiration-many muscles
*primarily in thoracic/neck regions
Term
exhalation (expiration)
Definition
breathing out
usaully passive
-forced expiration requires muscles
----primarily in abdominal region
Term
primary muscles of inhalation
Definition
diaphragm
internal intercostals
external intercostals
Term
diaphragm
Definition
contraction-->flatten diaphragm by pulling central tendon down/foward---> increases size of thoracic caivity; compress abdominal cavity
Term
external intercostals muscles
(primary muscles od inhalation)
Definition
elevates ribs; up in transverse volume of thorax
Term
internal intercostals muscles
(primary muscles of inhalation)
Definition
elevates ribs
Term
accessory muscles of inhalation anterios thoracic
pectoralis major
Definition
elevates sternum and anterios ribs
Term
accessory muscles of inhalation anterios thoracic
pectoralis minor
Definition
elevates ribs 2-5
Term
accessory muscles of inhalation anterios thoracic

subclavis
Definition
fixed clavicle/ elevates rib 1
Term
accessory muscles of inhalation anterios thoracic

serratus anterior
Definition
elevates ribs 1-8/9
Term
accessory muscles of inhalation posterior thoracic lateral ilicostalis cervicis
Definition
elevates ribs 3-6
Term
accessory muscles of inhalation posterior thoracic
lateral ilicostalis thoracis (dorsi)
Definition
stabilizes posterior rib to cage wall
Term
accessory muscles of inhalation posterior thoracic
latissimus dorsi
Definition
elevates lower ribs
Term
accessory muscles of inhalation posterior thoracic
levatores costarum-brevis
Definition
elevates posterior rib cage 1-12
Term
accessory muscles of inhalation posterior thoracic
levatores costarum-longis
Definition
elevates lower posterior ribs 9-12
Term
accessory muscles of inhalation posterior thoracic
serratus posterior superior
Definition
elevates ribs 2-5
Term
accessory muscles of inhalation neck
scalenes
Definition
elevates ribs 1-2
Term
accessory muscles of inhalation neck
sternocleidomastiod
Definition
elevates sternum and clavicle and elevates ribcage, allows turning neck in opposite direction
Term
muscles of forced exhalation
abdomen
Definition
insertion points along rib cage, pelvic girdle
Term
muscles of forcedexhalation
abdominal/aponeurosis
Definition
large flat tendonious sheath
-insertion point for abdominal muscles
Term
muscles of forced exhalation
anterior abdominal aponeurosis
Definition
-linea alba(white line)
-linea semilunaris(lateral to linea alba, just lateral to rectus abdominus)
Term
muscles of forced exhalation primary
exteranl oblique
Definition
depress lower ribs;compress abdomen
Term

muslces of forced exhalation primary

internal obilique

Definition
depress lower ribs; compress abdomen
Term

muslces of forced exhalation primary

transverse abdoiminis

Definition
compress abdomen
Term

muscles of forced exhalation primary

rectus  abdominis

Definition
depress lower ribs & compress abdomen
Term

muscles of exhalation

secondary

internal intercostals

Definition
depress ribs 1-11
Term

muscles of exhalation secondary

latissimus dorsi

Definition
compress lower wall of rib cage
Term

muscles of exhalation secondary

lateral iliocostalis thoracis

Definition
stabilize posterior rib cage
Term

muscles of exhalation secondary

lateral iliocostalis lumborum

Definition

depresses lower ribs

 

Term

muscles of exhalation secondary

serratus posterior inferior

Definition
depress ribs 8-12
Term

muscles of exhalation secondary

transversus thoracis

 

Definition
depress rib cage
Term

muscles of exhalation secondary

quadratus lumborum

 

 

3X4

Definition
depress 12th rib
Term
lungs
Definition

spongy, porous elastice tissue

-minimal smooth muscles

-passive tissue (cannot expand/contract on its own)

Term
alveoli
Definition

25 million in babies

300 million in adults (8 or older)

type 1 cells: epthelia cells

type 2 cells: produce surfactant

phagocytes: "cleaning" cells

Term
respiration
Definition

exchange of gas between organism and environment

-inspiration/inhalation

-expiraton/exhaltion

primary purpose: survival

secondary:speech

Term
larger volume/area
Definition
less pressure
Term
small area/volume
Definition
more pressure
Term
pulmonary pressure
Definition
pressure within lungs
Term
atmospheric pressure
Definition
pressure in relevant open space
Term
quiet inhalation
Definition
diaphragm
Term
forced inhalation
Definition
diaphragm+TRHORACIC/shoulder/neck muscles
Term
quiet exhalation
Definition
passive, recoil process
Term
forced exhalation
Definition
abdominal and lower back muscles
Term
passive exhalation
Definition
elasticity, torque, intra-abdominal pressure, gravity
Term
elasticity
Definition

lungs:stretched even in relaxed position

inhalation--> further stretching

stop forces-->elastic recoil to orignal position

 

Term
torque
Definition

twisting 1 end of a shaft

-eliminate force of twist--> return to original position

Term
chondral ribs
Definition
capable of beig twisted, spring back when twisting forces are removed
Term
passive exhalation
Definition
elasticity, torque, intr-abdominal pressure, gravity
Term
gas exchange: movement of air in repiratory pathways
Definition
ventilation
Term
tidal volume (tv)
Definition
air noramlly exhanged in 1 repiratory cycle
Term

inspiratory reserve volume

(irv)

Definition
vol. air inhaled after quiet tidal inhalation
Term
expiratory reserve volume(erv)
Definition

VOL air after passive, tidal expiration

resting lung volume

(after normal exhalation)

Term
residual volume (rv)
Definition

VOL. air remaining in lungs after max exhalation

remains in lungs stretched by pleural linings

Term
dead air
Definition

vol air in respiratory passages not involved in gas exchange

---never makes it to lungs

Term
vital capacity
Definition

capacity of air available for speech production

TV+IRV+ERV=4000 cc

Term
inspiratory capacity
Definition

maxium inspiratory volume after tidal expiration

(IRV+TV)

Term

functional residual capacity

(FRC)

Definition

volume remaining in body after tidal/passive exhalation (ERV+RV)

*after we breathe in, what we push out

Term

total lung capacity

(TLC)

Definition

sum of all volumes

VC+RV

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