Term
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Definition
| what muscle type has elongated cells and is found in the walls of the urinary bladder |
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Term
| how does the term epimysuim relate to the role and position of this connective tissue sheath |
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Definition
| epimysium "outside the muscle" and this connective tissue sheath is the outtermost muscle sheath which encloses the entire muscle |
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Term
| which myofilaments have binding sites for calcium? |
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Definition
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Term
| what specific molecule binds calcium? |
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Definition
| the thin myofilaments have binding sites for calciumon the tropin molecules forming part of these filaments |
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Term
| in a resting muscle SR would have the highest concentration of calcium ions |
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Definition
| which structure - t-tubule, mitochondria or SR contains the highest concentration of calcium ions in a resting muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| provides the ATP needed for muscle activity |
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Term
| the axon terminal, the synaptic cleft and the junctional folds of the sarcolemma |
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Definition
| what are the 3 components of neuromuscular junction |
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Term
the final trigger for contraction is a certain contraction of calcium ions in the cytosol
the initial trigger is depolarization of the sarcolema |
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Definition
| what is the final trigger for contraction. what is the initial trigger |
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Term
| what prevents the filaments from sliding back to their original position each time a myosin cross bridge detaches from actin |
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Definition
| there are always some myosin cross bridges bound to the actin myofilament during the contraction phase. thus, backwards sliding of the actin filament is prevented |
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Term
| w/ out ATP rigor would occur because the myosin heads couldnt dettach |
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Definition
| what would happen if a muscle fiber suddenly ran out of ATP when sarcomeres had only partially contracted |
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Term
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Definition
| AN AXON OF A MOTOR NEURON AND ALL THE MUSCLE FIBERS IT INNERVATES |
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Term
| events excitation- contraction coupling are occuring |
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Definition
| what is happening to a muscle during the latent period of a twitch contraction |
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Term
| immediately after he grabs the bar his bicep muscles are contracting isometrically |
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Definition
| jay is competiting in a chinup competition. what type of muscle contractions are occuring in his biceps |
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Term
| as he moves upward towards the bar they are constricting isonically and concentrically |
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Definition
jay is competiting in a chinup competition.
as his body begins to move upward towards the bar, what type of muscle contractions are occuring |
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Term
| as he lowers his body the biceps are contracting isonically and eccentrically |
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Definition
jay is competiting in a chinup competition.
when his body begins to approach the mat what muscle contractions are occuring |
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Term
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Definition
| the extra amount of O2 needed for restorative processes |
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Term
| because it takes sometime for his heart rate and overall metabolism to return to its resting state after exercise |
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Definition
| guy is done jogging and is now breathing heavily. his legs ache and he is weak. why is he breathing heavily |
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Term
| he had likely incured an oxygen deficit. |
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Definition
| guy is done jogging and is now breathing heavily. his legs ache and he is weak. what ATP generated pathway have his working muscles been using that lead to such breathlessness |
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Term
| although joggin is an aerobic exrcise theres always some anaerobic respiration that occurs as well- the amount depends on exercise intensity. as fatigue occurs potassium ions accumulate in the t tubules and latic acid and phosphate ions accumalate in the muscle cells |
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Definition
| guy is done jogging and is now breathing heavily. his legs ache and he is weak. what metabolic product might account for his sore muscles and his feelings of muscle weakness? |
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Term
| list 2 factors that influence contractile force |
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Definition
| muscle fiber size, the number of muscle fibers stimulated, the frequency of stimulation, and the degree of muscle stretch |
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Term
| 2 that influence velocity of contraction |
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Definition
| muscle fiber type, load, and number of motor units contracting |
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Term
| fast glycolitic fibers would provide for short periods of intense strengthen needed to lift and move furniture |
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Definition
| jim called several friends to help him move. would he prefer those w/ more slow oxidative muscle fibers of those w/ more fast glycolytic fibers as his helpers? why? |
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Term
| relative to their effect on muscle size and function, how do aerobic and anaerobic exercises differ |
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Definition
to increase muscle size and to strengthen anaerobic exercise is the best
muscle endurance is enhanced by aerobic exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| is the trigger for contraction for all muscle types |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to troponin in the actin filaments in skeletal muscle cells. in smooth muscle cells, it binds to cytoplasmic protein called calmodulin |
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Term
| how does the stress-relaxation response suit the role of smooth muscles in hallow organs? |
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Definition
| hallow organs that have smooth muscle cells helping to form their walls often must temporarily store the organs contents (urine food residues) an ability insured by the stress relaxation response |
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Term
| how is the multinucleate condition achieved during development of skeletal muscle fibers |
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Definition
| during development of skeletal muscle fibers the myoblast cells join together forming multinucleate myotubles |
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Term
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Definition
| the connective tissue in muscles increase with age causing muscles to get |
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Term
| how can we defer some of the effects of age on skeletal muscle |
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Definition
| regular exercise and strength training help to defer the loss in strength and muscle wasting that tends to occur w/ age and improve neuromuscular function |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of substained contraction of a muscle that is a normal aspect of skeletal muscle functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| the connective tissue covering that encloses the sarcolemma of an individual muscle fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| a bundle of muscle fibers enclosed by a connective tissue sheath |
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Term
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Definition
thick and thin myofilaments have different compositions.
indicate whether the filament is thick or thin
contains actin |
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Term
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Definition
thick and thin myofilaments have different compositions.
indicate whether the filament is thick or thin
contains ATPase |
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Term
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Definition
| thick and thin myofilaments have different compositions. indicate whether the filament is thick or thin attaches to the Z disc |
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Term
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Definition
thick and thin myofilaments have different compositions. indicate whether the filament is thick or thin
contains myosin |
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Term
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Definition
| thick and thin myofilaments have different compositions. indicate whether the filament is thick or thin contans troponin |
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Term
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Definition
thick and thin myofilaments have different compositions. indicate whether the filament is thick or thin
doesnt lie in the I band |
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Term
| transmit the action potential deep into the muscle cells |
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Definition
| the function of the T tubules in muscles contraction is to |
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Term
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Definition
| the sites where motor nerve impulse is tranmitted from the nerve endings to the skeletal muscles cell membranes are the |
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Term
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Definition
| contraction elicited by a single brief stimulus is called a |
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Term
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Definition
| a smooth substained contraction resulting form very rapid stimulation of the muscle , in which no evidence of relaxation is seen |
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Term
| characteristics of isometric contraction include |
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Definition
| increased muscle tension throughout the contraction phase, absence of shortening, use in resistence training |
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Term
| a coupled reaction of creatine phosphate w/ ADP |
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Definition
during muscle contraction,ATP is provided by a coupled reaction by creatine phosphate with ADP, aerobic respiration of glucose and anaerobic glycolysis.
which provides ATP fastest |
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Term
| a coupled reaction w/ of creatine phosphate w/ ADP , anaerobic glycolysis |
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Definition
during muscle contraction,ATP is provided by a coupled reaction by creatine phosphate with ADP, aerobic respiration of glucose and anaerobic glycolysis.
which doesnt require oxygen to be available |
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Term
| aerobic respiration of glucose |
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Definition
| during muscle contraction,ATP is provided by a coupled reaction by creatine phosphate with ADP, aerobic respiration of glucose and anaerobic glycolysis. which provides the highest yield of ATP per glucose molecule |
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Term
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Definition
during muscle contraction,ATP is provided by a coupled reaction by creatine phosphate with ADP, aerobic respiration of glucose and anaerobic glycolysis. which results in the formation of latic acid
anaerobic glycolysis |
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Term
| aerobic respiration of glucose |
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Definition
| during muscle contraction,ATP is provided by a coupled reaction by creatine phosphate with ADP, aerobic respiration of glucose and anaerobic glycolysis. which have carbon dioxide and water products |
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Term
| aerobic respiration of glucose |
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Definition
during muscle contraction,ATP is provided by a coupled reaction by creatine phosphate with ADP, aerobic respiration of glucose and anaerobic glycolysis.
which is most important in endurence sports |
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Term
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Definition
| the neurotransmitter released by somatic somatic motor neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| the ions that enter the skeletal muscle cell during action potential generation are |
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Term
| holds a reserve supply of oxygen in the muscle |
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Definition
| myoglobin has a specific function in the muscle tissue. it |
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Term
| aerobic exercise results in |
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Definition
increased cardiovascular efficiency
more mitochondria in the muscle cells
increased neuromuscular system coordination
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Term
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Definition
| the smooth muscle type found in the walls of digestive and urinary system organs and that exhibits gap junctions and pacemaker cells is |
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