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8th Grade 100 Facts
100 Facts for History
100
History
8th Grade
01/26/2012
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Term
The Declaration of Independence
 Definition

The document that declared independence from Britain and contains the phrase "...all men are created equal..." is the ________________

(written by Thomas Jefferson) 
Term
Baron de Montesquieu
 Definition
___________________ believed the only way people could acheive liberty was through the seperation of governmental powers.
Term
John Locke
 Definition
__________ and his "Social Contract" theory influenced our Founding Fathers with the idea that a government should protect one's natural rights. 
Term
Scientific Revolution, Enlightment
 Definition

The ideas of the _____________________ and the ____________

influenced colonial leaders and the thinking behind the Declaration of Independence 
Term
indentured servant
 Definition
Someone who trades the cost of passage to America for services they would give for the next 4-7 years is a __________________.
Term
Cincinnatus
 Definition
Our Founding Fathers believed that ___________ came up with the idea of “Civic Virtue,” putting others needs before your own, which was essential in establishing an effective government.
Term
immigrant; emigrant
 Definition

A person who moves into a new country is an _________; a person

who moves out of a country and into another is an ________. 
Term
Great Awakening
 Definition
The period of religious revival that occurred during the 1730s-50s was the _______________.
Term
Jamestown
 Definition
_________ was the first permanent English settlement in North America.
Term
Magna Carta
 Definition
The ___________, a document signed by King John in 1215, made the king subject to law.
Term
Mayflower Compact
 Definition
The _________________ represents one of the first attempts at self government in the English colonies.
Term
English Bill of Rights
 Definition
The ______________________, passed in 1689, reduced the powers of the English monarch.
Term

 New England Colonies; Middle Colonies;

Southern Colonies

 Definition
The original colonies were divided into three regions: ____________________, _______________, and _________________.
Term
Articles of Confederation
 Definition
The _________________________, written by Benjamin Franklin, proposed a unified government for the colonies.
Term

 House of

Burgesses

 Definition
A law-making body formed during early colonization in Virginia was called the __________________.
Term
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
 Definition

__________________________________________declared that no person could be forced to attend a 

particular church or be required to pay for a church with tax money.
Term
writs of assistance
 Definition
An order allowing British officials to conduct searches of homes was the ___________________.
Term
Pontiac
 Definition
Ottawa chief _______ fought heavily against British settlement west of the Appalachians.
Term
Proclamation of 1763
 Definition
In the ____________________, King George forbade the colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Term
Quartering Act
 Definition

 

A law forcing colonists to house and feed British soldiers was the _______________. 

 
Term
Intolerable Acts
 Definition

Laws passed in 1774 by Parliament, such as closing the port of Boston, and increasing the powers of the governor, were called the

________________. 
Term
The First Continental Congress
 Definition
______________________________ was a gathering of delagates from throughout the colonies who decided to halt all trade with Britain and prepare for war.
Term
Patrick Henry
 Definition
_____________ was famous for saying "...give me liberty or give me death!" at a speech presented to the Virginia assembly.
Term
Battle of Bunker Hill
 Definition
The famous saying,"Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes!" was said at the _____________________.
Term
Loyalists
 Definition
Colonies who supported the British during the war were called _________.
Term
Patriots
 Definition
Colonists who supported the war against Britain were called ________.
Term
The Battle of Lexington
 Definition
________________________ was the first battle of the American Revolution where "the shot heard around the world" was fired.
Term
The Battle of Yorktown
 Definition
_______________________ was the last major battle of the American Revolution.
Term
Treaty of Paris
 Definition
In the _______________ of 1783, Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States.
Term
Shays' Rebellion
 Definition
The uprising of farmers to protest high taxes and heavy debt became known as _________________.
Term
Delegate
 Definition
A representitive is also called a ________.
Term
Virginia Plan
 Definition
Edmond Randolf proposed the _____________ which supported a bicameral Congress of each state based on population.
Term
New Jersey Plan
 Definition
The _______________ supported the idea that each state would have one vote regardless of population.
Term
Great Compromise
 Definition
The _______________ called for two houses in congress: one based on population, the other given two representives per state.
Term
Federalist Papers
 Definition
The __________________ were a collection of essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton which supported the constitution.
Term
suffrage
 Definition
The right to vote is referred to as ________.
Term
quorum
 Definition
The number of people present and necessary to hold a meeting is a ______.
Term
Amendment
 Definition
A change to a document is called an _________.
Term
Federalism
 Definition
__________ is the system of government where power is shared between the national and state governments.
Term
checks and balances
 Definition
The system established in the Constitution, giving authority to each branch of government, allowing each some authority over the other is __________________.
Term
Legislative Branch
 Definition
The branch of government that creates the laws is the __________________.
Term
Executive Branch
 Definition
The branch of government that carries out the laws made by the legislative branch is the ________________.
Term
Judicial Branch
 Definition
The branch of government that interpreps the fairness of the laws is the _______________.
Term
First Amendment
 Definition
The _______________ guarantees our right to free speech.
Term
House of Representatives; senate
 Definition
The number of members of the ________________________ is based on the state's population, while the ______ has two members per state.
Term
Separation of Powers
 Definition
____________________ is the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
Term
Congress
 Definition
The power to declare war belongs to ________.
Term
Bill of Rights
 Definition
The first ten amendments to the Constitution are called the ______________.
Term
electoral college
 Definition
The voting system used to elect the president is the _________________.
Term
James Madison
 Definition
______________ was considered the “Father of the Constitution.”
Term
Alexander Hamilton; Thomas Jefferson
 Definition
The differing opinions of __________________ and _______________ over various issues (Alien/Sedition Acts, the National Bank, and the debt left from the Revolution) led to the development of two political parties.
Term
The Whiskey Rebellion
 Definition
set a precedent for organized protests when farmers lashed out against the tax on whiskey.
Term
Monroe Doctrine
 Definition
The ________________ established two ideals: Europe could not colonize in America any longer and America would not interfere with European conflicts.
Term
Louisiana Purchase
 Definition
Napoleon (France) sold the Louisiana territory to America for $15 million, roughly doubling the size of the U.S.; this was called the ___________________.
Term
Trail of Tears
 Definition
The U.S. Army moved 15,000 Cherokee west during the winter of 1838-39 resulting in the deaths of 4,000; this became known as the ______________.
Term
Lewis and Clark
 Definition
_______________ explored the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains in search of the Northwest Passage.
Term
War of 1812
 Definition
The ___________ was fought against Britain over land, impressment, and the furnishing of weapons to Native Americans.
Term
The Treaty of Ghent
 Definition
___________________, signed in Belgium on December 24, 1814, ended the War of 1812.
Term
The Treaty of Fort Jackson
 Definition
__________________________ ended the Creek War and forced the Creek to give up millions of acres of their land.
Term
Nationalism
 Definition
___________ is a feeling of pride and loyalty to a nation.
Term
Henry Clay’s
 Definition
____________ series of measures intended to make the U.S. economically self-sufficient was called the American System.
Term
American System
 Definition
Currency, the National Bank and canals were elements of the Henry Clay _______________.
Term
The Missouri Compromise
 Definition
continued the balance of free and ______________________ slave states but subsequently suspended the addition of new states or territories.
Term
culture
 Definition
Writers, such as James Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving were inspired by the new frontier, thus creating a new American _______.
Term
Andrew Jackson
 Definition
The expansion of voting rights and the election of ______________ signaled the growing power of the American people.
Term
Eli Whitney
 Definition
___________ had two important inventions: interchangeable parts and the cotton gin, which helped kick-start the Industrial Revolution.
Term
The Lowell System
 Definition
was based on water-powered textile mills that employed young, unmarried women from local farms.
Term
Industrial Revolution
 Definition
The _____________________ was an era when factories and machines were used for mass production for the first time in the U.S.
Term
Womens’ Rights Movement
 Definition
_______________________ began, ultimately resulting in the passage of voting rights included in the 19th Amendment.
Term
Industrial Revolution
 Definition
The _____________________ was an era when factories and machines were used for mass production for the first time in the US.
Term
 Womens’ Rights Movement
 Definition
In the 1840’s, the _______________________ began, ultimately resulting in the passage of voting rights included in the 19th Amendment. 
Term
California Trail; Oregon Trail
 Definition

The longest trails west were the ________________ and the ____________. Each was 2,000 miles and 

took six months to travel.
Term
Texas
 Definition
In 1836, _____ gained its independence from Mexico.
Term
Manifest Destiny
 Definition
The ideologies of ________________  and the outcome of the Texas-Mexican war led to U.S. expansion to the Pacific.
Term
 Mexican-American War
 Definition
The victory after the ____________________ increased the size of the United States by almost 25%.
Term
Popular Sovereignty
 Definition
Many compromises were founded on ____________________ , the idea that political power belongs to the people.
Term
Civil War
 Definition
The war that was fought over Nation’s Rights vs. State’s Rights was the _________.
Term
John Brown
 Definition
In 1859, abolitionist ___________ raided Harper’s Ferry to steal weapons to arm slaves for a revolt.
Term
Bull Run
 Definition
The severe loss at _________, the first major Civil War battle, shattered the North’s hopes of winning the war quickly.
Term
 Kansas-Nebraska Act
 Definition
As a result of the __________________________ , the question of slavery was to be decided by Popular Sovereignty.
Term

13th, 14th, 15th

 Amendments

 Definition
The ___________________________ are known as the Civil Rights Amendments because they are about ending slavery, extending citizenship, and adding suffrage for African Americans.
Term

Nat Turner’s 

Rebellion

 Definition
The most violent slave revolt in the United States occurred in 1831 and is known as ________________.
Term
 Harriet Tubman
 Definition
______________  was called the “Moses of her people” because she led so many slaves to freedom by means of the Underground Railroad.
Term
Frederick Douglass
 Definition
Freed slave and anti-slavery activist, __________________, founded the North Star, a newspaper promoting freedom for slaves. 
Term
 Battle of Gettysburg
 Definition
The ____________________  was the bloodiest three-day battle fought on American soil. Lincoln later dedicated this battleground. 
Term
Battle of Vicksburg
 Definition
The ___________________ led to Union control of the Mississippi River, cutting off trade to the south.
Term
The Battle of Antietam
 Definition
______________________ was known as the bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War and of U.S. history.
Term
Transcendentalism
 Definition
_________________  is the belief that people could transcend, or rise above, material things in life. 
Term
Ironclads
 Definition
_________ were ships heavily armored with iron and were vital to the Vicksburg campaign.
Term

 The 54th

 Massachusetts Infantry

 Definition
______________________________ consisted of mostly freed African Americans. In July 1863 this regiment led a heroic charge on South Carolina’s Fort Wagner.
Term
Emancipation Proclamation
 Definition
The _________________________ issued by Lincoln, freed all the slaves in “rebel” states, it also allowed blacks to enlist in the military.
Term
Infantry family
 Definition
An _______________ included poor men who were drafted into the war and were forced to bring their families along with them.
Term
Jim Crow Laws
 Definition
 After the Civil War, _____________ required that African Americans and whites be separated in public places.
Term
Reconstruction
 Definition
The rebuilding period following the Civil War was called ______________. 
Term
Samuel Gompers
 Definition
In the early 1900s, ______________ led the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which was focused on better working conditions and pay for skilled workers.
Term
Henry Ford
 Definition
__________ was the first to implement the moving assembly line.
Term
Carnegie; Rockefeller
 Definition
________ and ___________  were two of the most successful corporate leaders of their time
Term
 Muckrakers
 Definition
__________  wrote about troubling issues like child labor, racial discrimination, slum housing and corruption in business
Term
The transcontinental railroad
 Definition
_____________________________ crossed the continent and connected East to West. 
Term
 economic growth;population
 Definition
The transcontinental railroad increased both _______________ and the __________ in the west. 
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