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| Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus |
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| Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar |
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| served on a temporary basis during an emergency |
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| Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius |
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| upper class in Rome; wealthy landowners; only class allowed to serve in the government |
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| artisans, shopkeepers, and owners of small farms; Rome's lower class; could not vote |
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| Rome and Cartage fought over control of Sicily; began 264 B.C. |
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| 218 B.C. Carthage's greatest general, Hannibal, attacked Rome |
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| 146 B.C. Rome destroyed Carthage and enslaved 50,000 people |
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| famous epic poem in which the Trojan hero Aeneas united the Trojans and Latins and founded Rome. |
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| 650 B.C., rich people who moved south, took over Rome, and greatly influenced Rome's development |
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| Rome's greatest public speaker, who hoped Octavian would restore the republic |
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| 200 years of peace that began with the rule of Augustus, lasting until A.D. 180 |
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| according to one legend, the founders of Rome |
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| Ides of March; Caesar was killed by his enemies |
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| built a wall in Britain to keep out barbarians; made Roman laws easier to understand |
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| the name taken by Octavian in 27 B.C.; means the revered or majestic |
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| Rome's first code of laws around 451 B.C. |
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| the best known of Rome's early dictators; served only two weeks and then returned to his fields; George Washington is often compared to him |
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| a mountain range that extends through Italy from north to south like a spine |
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| important officials in the Roman Republic, whose main job was to interpret the law and act as judges in court cases |
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| top two government officials in the Roman Republic who were chosen every year |
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