Term
| "Thus I consent, sir, to this Constitution because I expect no better, and because I am not sure that it is not the best. The opinions I have had of its errors I sacrifice to the public good." |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the original U.S government under the Articles of Confederation consist of? |
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Definition
| a one-house congress, no separate executive, and no separate court system |
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Term
| What were the foreign problems between the U.S and the major powers of Europe under the Articles of Confederation? |
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Definition
| The states failed to adhere to the treaty of Paris which said that the Loyalist's property would have to be restored and debts to foreigners be repaid. Also, a weak U.S government under the Articles could do nothing to stop Britain from placing restrictions on trade and maintaining military outposts on the western frontier. |
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Term
| Articles could do nothing to stop... |
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Definition
| Great Britain from placing restrictions on trade and from maintaining military outposts on frontier |
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Term
| what contributed to a wide spread economic depression |
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Definition
Reduced foreign trade
limited credit due to nonpayment of war debts
inability to levy taxes
printing of worthless paper money |
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Term
| How did the 13 states show their suspicion and compete for economic advantage |
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Definition
| placed tariffs and other restrictions on the movement of goods across state lines |
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Term
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Definition
| George Washington hosed a conference in Vernon, Virginia. Representatives from four states Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania agreed that their problems were serious enough to hold further discussions in Annapolis, Maryland at which all the states might be represented. Only five states sent delegates to the Annapolis Conention in 1786. After discussing ways to improbe commercial relations Hamilton and Madison persuaded others that another convention should be held in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation |
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Term
| Which states attended the Mt.Vernon Conference? |
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Definition
| Pennsylvania, Virginia, Delaware, Maryland |
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Term
| What was discussed at the Annapolis Convention? |
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Definition
| ways to improve commercial relations among the states |
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Term
| Who were the people at the Annapolis convention that persuaded others that another convention should be held to revise the articles of confederation |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the purpose of the meeting in Philadelphia? |
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Definition
| "for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation |
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Term
| How may delegates attended the Annapolis Convention? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many delegates attended the Philadelphia Convention? |
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Definition
| 55 white males college-educated and relatively young in their 40s. They were far wealthier than the average American of their day. They were well acquainted with law and politics. Many of them were lawyers who helped write their state constitutions |
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Term
| Who was the chairperson at the convention in Philadelphia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was George Washington's position at the Philadelphia Convention? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who fashioned specific articles at the Philadelphia Convention? |
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Definition
| James Madison, Hamilton, Governor Morris, and John Dickinson |
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Term
| Who came to be known as the father of the Constitution |
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Definition
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Term
| who was missing at the Philadelphia Convention? |
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Definition
| John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Thomas Paine |
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Term
| who fashioned specific articles of the constitution at the Philadelphia Convention |
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Definition
| James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, Gouverneur Morris, and John Dickinson |
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Term
| Who was missing at the time the Constitution was written |
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Definition
| John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, John Adams were on business abroad. Samuel Adams and John Hancock were not chosen as delegates. Patrick Henry refused to take part. |
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Term
| who refused to take part in Philadelphia Convention |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was away on business at the time of the Philadelphia Convention |
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Definition
| Thomas Paine, John Jay, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson |
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Term
| Who were not chosen as delegates to Philadelphia Convention |
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Definition
| Samuel Adams and John Hancock |
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Term
| Who quickly took control of Philadelphia Convention |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the first issue the delegates disagreed on in Philadelphia Convention |
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Definition
| to make changes in the Articles or to draft an entirely new document |
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Term
| James Madison and other Philadelphia Convention delegates wanted to be sure that the new constitution would be based on what? |
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Definition
| a system of checks and balance |
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Term
| Connecticut Plan/Great Compromise |
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Definition
| Two house congress. Equal representation in the senate. House of Representatives each state would be represented according to the size of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| Counted each slave as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of determining a state's level of taxation and representation |
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Term
| How was slavery decide to be counted in the populations of the states? |
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Definition
Three-Fifths Compromise
and...
A guarantee that slaves could be imported for at least 20 years longer until 1808 at which time Congress could vote to abolish the practice |
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Term
| What did the northern states want the central government to regulate? |
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Definition
| interstate commerce and foreign trade |
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Term
| What was the Central Compromise |
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Definition
| Allowed congress to regulate interstate and foreign commerce including placing tariffs on foreign imports but prohibited taxes on exports |
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Term
| In general, what were the issues at the Philadelphia convention? |
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Definition
| Representation, Slavery, Trade and Powers and election of the President |
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Term
| What was the issue of Trade at the Philadelphia Convention |
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Definition
| Northern states wanted the federal government to regulate interstate commerce and foreign trade. The southern states were afraid that export tax would be put on agricultural products such as tobacco and rice. |
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Term
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Definition
| allowed congress to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, taxed imports but not exports |
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Term
| How did they decide on how the pres. would be elected |
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Definition
| Delegates assigned to each state a number of electors equal to the total representatives and senators |
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Term
| why was the electoral college system instituted |
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Definition
| the delegates at Philadelphia feared that too much democracy might lead to mob rule |
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Term
| When was the Constitution ratified? |
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Definition
| September 17, 1787 after 17 weeks of debatte |
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Term
| what was ratified September 17, 1787 |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticipating opposition to the document, the Framers (delegates) specified that only how many states would be required for ratification? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
supported the constitution
strong central government |
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Term
| where were most of the federalists |
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Definition
| along the Atlantic Coast and in large cities |
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Term
| Where were the Anti-Federalists |
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Definition
| small farmers on the frontier |
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Term
| Who were the leaders of the Federalists |
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Definition
| George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton |
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Term
| Who were the anti-Federalists from Virginia? |
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Definition
| George Mason, Patrick Henry |
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Term
| Who were the Anti-Federalists from Massachusetts? |
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Definition
| James Winthrop and John Hancock |
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Term
| Who were the Anti-Federalists from NY? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the Anti-Federalists? |
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Definition
From Va Patrick Henry and George Mason
From Massachusetts James Winthrop and John Hancock
From NY George Mason |
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Term
| What were the arguments of the federalists? |
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Definition
| Stronger central government was needed to maintain order and preserve the Union |
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Term
| What was the strategy of the Federalists |
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Definition
| Emphasize the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation; showed their opponents as merely negative opponents with no solutions |
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Term
| What were the advantages and the disadvantages of the Federalists? |
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Definition
A: Strong Leaders well organized
D Constitution was new and untried lacked a bill of rights |
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Term
| What were the advantages and the disadvantages of the Federalists? |
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Definition
A: Strong Leaders well organized
D Constitution was new and untried lacked a bill of rights |
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Term
| Everything about the Federalists |
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Definition
Leaders: George Washington, Franklin, Madison, Hamilton
Arguments: Strong central gov was needed to maintain order and preserve the union
Strategies: pointed out weaknesses of the articles of confederation and said their opponents were negative with no solution
Advantages: strong leaders well organized
Disadvantages: Constitution new and untried lacked a bill of rights |
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Term
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Definition
Leaders: Virginia Patrick Henry and George Mason
Massachusetts James Winthrop and John Madison
NY: George Clinton
Arguments: strong central government would destroy the work of the union, limit democracy, and restrict state rights
Strategy Argued that Constitution contained no individual rights |
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Term
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Definition
| reasons for believing in the provisions of the constitution |
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Term
| Who were the first three states to ratify |
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Definition
| Delaware NJ and Pennsylvania |
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Term
| 1788 who was the most populous state |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the last two states to ratify the constitution as the supreme law of the land |
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Definition
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Term
| Which state allowed the Federalists to win the necessary nine states to achieve ratification of the constitution |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the anti-Federalists argument for a Bill of Rights |
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Definition
| The Americans had fought the Revolutionary War to escape the tyranny of a central government in Britain. A bill of rights cold protect Americans from the tyranny of a strong central gov |
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Term
| What were the Federalist Arguments against a bill of Rights |
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Definition
| members of congress would be elected by the people they did not need to be protected against themselves. it was better to assume rights than to create a limited list of rights |
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Term
| What were the Federalist Papers? Who wrote them? |
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Definition
| 85 highly persuasive essays written for a NY newspaper by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. presented cogent reasons for believing in the practicality of each major provision of the constitution |
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Term
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Definition
| Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition. Congress may not favor one religion over another. Separation of Church and State |
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Term
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Definition
| People have the right to bear arms in a state militia |
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Term
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Definition
| cannot quarter soldiers in people's homes during peacetime |
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Term
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Definition
| cannot carry out illegal searches or seizures of people's property |
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Term
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Definition
| no individual may be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. cannot give evidence against himself or herself or double jeopardy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| citizens have a right to trial by jury in most civil cases |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive bail and fines and cruel and unusual punishments |
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Term
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Definition
| any rights not specifically mention in the constitution are also guaranteed against government infringement |
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Term
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Definition
| all powers not delegated to the federal government belong to the states or to th epeople |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| excessive bail cruel and unusual punishment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1 chief justice 5 associate justices
highest court empowered to rule on the constitutionality of decisions made by state courts
system of 13 district courts and 3 circuit courts |
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Term
| U.S government would pay off the national deb at face value and also assume payment of war debts if |
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Definition
| capital established on the Potomac River |
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Term
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Definition
| to raise enough revenue to pay government debt Hamilton persuaded Congress to pass excise taxes on the sale of whiskey |
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Term
| "necessary and proper clause" |
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Definition
| Hamilton used this to say that Congress gould do whatever was necessary to carry out its enumerated powers |
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Term
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Definition
| objected to Washington proclamation of neutrality french minister to the U.S appealed directly to the American people to support the french cause |
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