Term
| Conjunctivitis affects what part of the horse? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the conjunctiva is the mucous membrane lining the eyelids and the anterior sclera. |
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Term
| What is the cause of conjunctiva? |
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Definition
| Inflammation can be due to dust, pollen, some other irritant from the environment where the horse resides, fungi, bacteria, irritants, allergens and viruses. |
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Term
| How do you treat conjunctiva? |
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Definition
antibiotic ointment with cortisone.
ANTIBIOTIC-treat infection
STEROID- reduces the reaction of the conjunctiva to irritant |
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Term
| the most common eye disease in all species? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe contracted heels |
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Definition
| A condition where the frog is narrow and shrunken and the heels of the foot are pulled together. |
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Term
| 2 primary causes of contracted heels? |
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Definition
| unbalanced feet, either long toe/low heels (LTLH) or overgrown hooves. |
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Term
| Secondary cause of contracted heels? |
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Definition
| lameness and disuse of the limb, resulting in hoof atrophy |
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Term
| Problems associated with contracted heels? |
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Definition
disruption of the shock-absorption mechanism of the foot-hoof bound,
Crevices and grooves formed creates a favorable environment for thrush |
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Term
| What does a foot with contracted heels resemble? |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of contracted heels? |
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Definition
| trimming and balancing the feet and assisting heel expansion. |
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Term
| What term describes a horses eating habits? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| do not have a multi-compartmented stomach as cattle |
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Term
| define the digestive system |
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Definition
| Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
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Term
| apprx how many teeth does a horse have? |
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Definition
| 36 (females) to 40 (males) |
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Term
| What glands produce saliva? |
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Definition
| the parotid, the submaxillary, and the sublingual. |
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Term
| How much saliva can a horse produce a day? |
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Definition
| 10 gallons (85 lb.) of saliva. |
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Term
| What is an acute abdominal pain in horses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the horny growth on the inside of a horse’s leg? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
4 feet long
48 quarts
similar to the rumen in a cow.
break down feed that was not digested in the small intestine, |
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Term
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Definition
| similar to human menstrual cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| greeting, salutation call |
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Term
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Definition
| soft expression, care giving or soliciting call, done through nostrils |
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Term
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Definition
| alarm call, blow air through nose |
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Term
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Definition
| defense greeting btwn. 2 horses, pain response |
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Term
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Definition
| directed toward mare,loud and open mouthed |
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Term
| What is the name for the first milk produced by a mare that is rich in antibodies, fat and vitamins? |
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Definition
| Colostrum or "first milk" is the thick, yellow secretion from the mammary gland that's present immediately after birth. Colostrum and its protective antibodies are necessary to protect the foal against infectious diseases. The best-quality colostrum is produced in the first eight hours post-foaling. |
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Term
| How many bones make up the skeleton of a horse? |
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Definition
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Term
| Commonly, what color is a walleye? |
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Definition
Blue
Walleye: An eye that has no pigment or a blue tint. Vision is not affected by the color of the iris. |
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Term
| Name two health problems that moldy and dusty hay can create? |
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Definition
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Term
| The distal sesamoid bone is also called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes lethal white foal syndrome? |
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Definition
| A genetic defect resulting from mating two overo paint horses. |
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Term
| How many ribs does the horse have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What vitamin is responsible for the health of the eye and the tissue of the nasal passages, lungs, and digestive system? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bones are in the skull? |
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Definition
| 37 including 3 in the ear (auditory ossicles) |
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Term
| How many bones in the mandible? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bones in the vertebrae? |
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Definition
54:
7 cervical, 18 thoracic, 6 lumbar, 5 sacral, 15-20 coccygeal |
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Term
| How many bones in the ribs? |
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Definition
| 36 (some breeds have 37 or 38) |
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Term
| How many bones are in the forelimb? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bones are in the hindlimb? |
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Definition
| 40 (including the pelvis) |
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Term
| 5 major uses of the hors in the past 20 yrs? |
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Definition
food
transportation
work
war
recreation |
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Term
| members of the horse family have been found from ______ yrs ago |
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Definition
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Term
| the modern day horse is a member of the larger "horse" family________? |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the first true horse and when did it first appear? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
75 mill yrs ago
5 toes on front feet and prob on hind as well
teeth were low crowned
one of front toes may have been splint |
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Term
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Definition
approx 58 mill yrs ago
4 toes on front feet and 3 toes and splint on hind
1 foot tall
size of beagle, and large house cat
low crowned teeth |
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Term
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Definition
approx 38 million years ago
3 toed animal
middle toe bigger all 3 toes touched ground and supported weight fourth toe on front feet reduced to splint
size of collie or miniature horse most likely browsing animal teeth low crowned |
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Term
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Definition
about 28 mill yrs ago
3 toed animal with bigger middle toe
toes on either side did not touch ground
about size of shetland pony
a grass eater
teeth were high crowned and hard surfaced |
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Term
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Definition
about 12 mill yrs ago
first one toed horse
2 side toes reduced to splint bones
fore runner of modern day horse thought to be about size of pony
grazing animal high crowned teeth |
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Term
| list the 5 major forms of the horse as it evolved. |
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Definition
| prehorse eohippus mesohippus marychippus pliohippus |
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Term
| name the 5 most common gates |
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Definition
| walk, trot (jog), canter (lope), gallop (run), back |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
2 beated gate lateral gate
left hind left front together, right hind right front together
replaces trot |
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Term
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Definition
| brief moments in movement when only one foot is touching the ground |
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Term
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Definition
slow 4 beat
lateral
high leg action |
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Term
| muscles are attached to bones by which tissue? |
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Definition
| tendons (a kind of connective tissue) |
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Term
| Name three specialized sensory organs in the horse’s nervous system. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the abnormal calcification of the pastern bones that cause lameness? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many molars does an adult horse have? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is gestation in a horse? |
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Definition
| Usually 345-350 days or roughly 11 months |
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Term
| How Many Incisors Does the horse have? |
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Definition
| 12 Incisors, or front teeth (6 upper and 6 lower) |
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Term
| Name six of the materials that bits are made of |
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Definition
| Stainless Steel, rubber, iron, aluminum, copper, happy mouth (apple flavored soft rubber), sliver, nickel |
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Term
| Name 3 Equine diseases that are spread by flies, gnats, and mosquitoes, through their contact with an infected horse’s blood |
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Definition
| Equine infectious anemia, West Nile Virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) |
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Term
| What kind of fly deposits eggs primarily on the forelegs and chest, but sometimes also on the neck, belly, flanks, and hind legs of a horse? |
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Definition
| The common Bot Fly (gad flies) |
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Term
| What is the normal respiration for a horse at rest? |
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Definition
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