Shared Flashcard Set

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4H quiz bowl
Possible question for the competition this February! Note: all the number flash cards correspond with the anatomy chart
69
Veterinary Medicine
Not Applicable
11/23/2009

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Conjunctivitis affects what part of the horse?
Definition
The Eye
Term
What is the conjunctiva?
Definition
the conjunctiva is the mucous membrane lining the eyelids and the anterior sclera.
Term
What is the cause of conjunctiva?
Definition
Inflammation can be due to dust, pollen, some other irritant from the environment where the horse resides, fungi, bacteria, irritants, allergens and viruses.
Term
How do you treat conjunctiva?
Definition
antibiotic ointment with cortisone.
ANTIBIOTIC-treat infection
STEROID- reduces the reaction of the conjunctiva to irritant
Term
the most common eye disease in all species?
Definition
conjuntiva
Term
Describe contracted heels
Definition
A condition where the frog is narrow and shrunken and the heels of the foot are pulled together.
Term
2 primary causes of contracted heels?
Definition
unbalanced feet, either long toe/low heels (LTLH) or overgrown hooves.
Term
Secondary cause of contracted heels?
Definition
lameness and disuse of the limb, resulting in hoof atrophy
Term
Problems associated with contracted heels?
Definition
disruption of the shock-absorption mechanism of the foot-hoof bound,
Crevices and grooves formed creates a favorable environment for thrush
Term
What does a foot with contracted heels resemble?
Definition
a mule's hoof.
Term
Treatment of contracted heels?
Definition
trimming and balancing the feet and assisting heel expansion.
Term
What term describes a horses eating habits?
Definition
nonruminant herbivore
Term
Nonruminant
Definition
do not have a multi-compartmented stomach as cattle
Term
define the digestive system
Definition
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Term
apprx how many teeth does a horse have?
Definition
36 (females) to 40 (males)
Term
What glands produce saliva?
Definition
the parotid, the submaxillary, and the sublingual.
Term
How much saliva can a horse produce a day?
Definition
10 gallons (85 lb.) of saliva.
Term
What is an acute abdominal pain in horses?
Definition
Colic
Term
What is the horny growth on the inside of a horse’s leg?
Definition
Chestnuts
Term
cecum
Definition
4 feet long
48 quarts
similar to the rumen in a cow.
break down feed that was not digested in the small intestine,
Term
estrous cycle
Definition
similar to human menstrual cycle
Term
Neigh
Definition
greeting, salutation call
Term
Nicker
Definition
soft expression, care giving or soliciting call, done through nostrils
Term
snort
Definition
alarm call, blow air through nose
Term
squeals
Definition
defense greeting btwn. 2 horses, pain response
Term
Roar
Definition
directed toward mare,loud and open mouthed
Term
What is the name for the first milk produced by a mare that is rich in antibodies, fat and vitamins?
Definition
Colostrum or "first milk" is the thick, yellow secretion from the mammary gland that's present immediately after birth. Colostrum and its protective antibodies are necessary to protect the foal against infectious diseases. The best-quality colostrum is produced in the first eight hours post-foaling.
Term
How many bones make up the skeleton of a horse?
Definition
205-210
Term
Commonly, what color is a walleye?
Definition
Blue
Walleye: An eye that has no pigment or a blue tint. Vision is not affected by the color of the iris.
Term
Name two health problems that moldy and dusty hay can create?
Definition
Heaves and Colic
Term
The distal sesamoid bone is also called what?
Definition
The navicular bone
Term
What causes lethal white foal syndrome?
Definition
A genetic defect resulting from mating two overo paint horses.
Term
How many ribs does the horse have?
Definition
36
Term
What vitamin is responsible for the health of the eye and the tissue of the nasal passages, lungs, and digestive system?
Definition
Vitamin A
Term
How many bones are in the skull?
Definition
37 including 3 in the ear (auditory ossicles)
Term
How many bones in the mandible?
Definition
2
Term
How many bones in the vertebrae?
Definition

54:

7 cervical, 18 thoracic, 6 lumbar, 5 sacral, 15-20 coccygeal

Term
How many bones in the ribs?
Definition
36 (some breeds have 37 or 38)
Term
How many bones are in the forelimb?
Definition
40
Term
How many bones are in the hindlimb?
Definition
40 (including the pelvis)
Term
5 major uses of the hors in the past 20 yrs?
Definition
food
transportation
work
war
recreation
Term
members of the horse family have been found from ______ yrs ago
Definition
60 million
Term
the modern day horse is a member of the larger "horse" family________?
Definition
Equidae
Term
what was the first true horse and when did it first appear?
Definition
Equus, 1 million
Term
Prehorse
Definition
75 mill yrs ago
5 toes on front feet and prob on hind as well
teeth were low crowned
one of front toes may have been splint
Term
eohippus
Definition

approx 58 mill yrs ago

4 toes on front feet and 3 toes and splint on hind

1 foot tall

size of beagle, and large house cat

low crowned teeth

Term
Mesohippus
Definition

approx 38 million years ago

3 toed animal

middle toe bigger all 3 toes touched ground and supported weight fourth toe on front feet reduced to splint

size of collie or miniature horse most likely browsing animal teeth low crowned

Term
marychippus
Definition

about 28 mill yrs ago

3 toed animal with bigger middle toe

toes on either side did not touch ground

about size of shetland pony

a grass eater

teeth were high crowned and hard surfaced

Term
pliohippus
Definition

about 12 mill yrs ago

first one toed horse

2 side toes reduced to splint bones

fore runner of modern day horse thought to be about size of pony

grazing animal high crowned teeth

Term
list the 5 major forms of the horse as it evolved.
Definition
prehorse eohippus mesohippus marychippus pliohippus
Term
name the 5 most common gates
Definition
walk, trot (jog), canter (lope), gallop (run), back
Term
beats:walk
Definition
4
Term
beats: trot/jog
Definition
2
Term
beats: canter
Definition
3
Term
beats: gallop
Definition
4
Term
beats: back (up)
Definition
2
Term
pace
Definition

2 beated gate lateral gate

left hind left front together, right hind right front together

replaces trot

Term
single foot gates
Definition
brief moments in movement when only one foot is touching the ground
Term
slow gate
Definition
slow 4 beat
lateral
high leg action
Term
muscles are attached to bones by which tissue?
Definition
tendons (a kind of connective tissue)
Term
Name three specialized sensory organs in the horse’s nervous system.
Definition
ears, eyes, and nose
Term
What is the abnormal calcification of the pastern bones that cause lameness?
Definition
ringbone
Term
How many molars does an adult horse have?
Definition
24
Term
How long is gestation in a horse?
Definition
Usually 345-350 days or roughly 11 months
Term
How Many Incisors Does the horse have?
Definition
12 Incisors, or front teeth (6 upper and 6 lower)
Term
Name six of the materials that bits are made of
Definition
Stainless Steel, rubber, iron, aluminum, copper, happy mouth (apple flavored soft rubber), sliver, nickel
Term
Name 3 Equine diseases that are spread by flies, gnats, and mosquitoes, through their contact with an infected horse’s blood
Definition
Equine infectious anemia, West Nile Virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)
Term
What kind of fly deposits eggs primarily on the forelegs and chest, but sometimes also on the neck, belly, flanks, and hind legs of a horse?
Definition
The common Bot Fly (gad flies)
Term
What is the normal respiration for a horse at rest?
Definition
8-16 times/minute
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