Shared Flashcard Set

Details

403- Urinary System
N/A
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
12/11/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
5 functions of the urinary system
Definition

1) filtrate blood

2) production, transport, storage of urine

3) regulate blood pressure and blood volume

4) production of hormones: erythropoietin, renin, calcitriol

5) regulate blood pH, ions, osmolarity

Term
hematuria
Definition

red urine

from eating too many beets

Term
proteinuria
Definition
urine is foamy
Term
phosphaturia
Definition
kidney stones, high excretion of phosphate
Term
hilus of kidney
Definition
where the BVs and ureter the kidney
Term
renal capsule
Definition
transparent membrane that maintains the organ's shape
Term
adipose capsule
Definition
helps protect from trauma, surrounds renal capsule
Term
renal fascia
Definition

dense, irregular connective tissue that holds the kidney in place

 

most external layer

Term
parenchyma
Definition

functional tissue of the kidney:

cortex and medulla: pyramids, columns, papillae

Term
renal sinus cavity
Definition
drainage system of the kidney
Term
minor calyces
Definition
at the bottom of the papillae, where urine drains into major calyx
Term
major calyces
Definition

fran urine from minor calyces to top of ureter

 

3 minor drain to 1 major

Term
renal pelvis
Definition
collecting sinus between major calyces and ureter
Term
pathway of urine from nephron to outside
Definition
collecting duct of nephron --> papillae --> minor calyces   --> major calyces --> renal pelvis --> ureter --> bladder  --> urethra --> out
Term
nephron
Definition

functional unit of the kidney

made up of: renal corpuscle, renal tubules, collecting ducts

Term
renal corpuscle
Definition
site of plasma filtration
Term
glomerulus
Definition

capillaries where filtration occurs

tuft of BVs for large SA

Term
Mesangial cells
Definition

between arterioles in glomerulus

regulate blood flow through capillaries

Term
Fenestration pore of glomerulus
Definition
hole in endothelium prevents filtration of blood cells, but allows components of plasma to pass
Term
basal membrane of glomerulus
Definition
prevents filtration of large proteins
Term
slit membrane of glomerulus
Definition

between pedicles of podocyte

 

prevents filtration of medium sized proteins

 

most outer layer

Term
Glomerular (Bowman's) Capsule
Definition

double-walled epithelial cup that collects filtrate

 

podocytes cover capillaries to form visceral layer

 

simple squamous cells form parietal layer

Term
3 renal tubules
Definition

Proximal convoluted tubule

Loop of Henle

Distal convoluted tubule

Term
collecting ducts
Definition
drain urine into renal pelvis and ureter
Term
risks for renal failure
Definition

diabetes

arteriole systemic hypertension

kidney disease

disease of collecting system: ascending urinary infections

genetic

Term
histology of nephron
Definition

single layer elithelial cells

 

features change due to function of region

Term
function of globerular capillaries
Definition
filtration of blood
Term
function of peritubular capillaries
Definition

branch of efferent arteriole

 

carry away reabsorpbed substances

Term
vasa recta
Definition

branch of efferent arteriole

 

supply nutrients to medulla

Term
blood pathway through kidney
Definition
renal artery --> segmental arteries --> interlobar arteries (between columns) --> arcuate arteries (base of pyramid) --> interlobular arteries (in cortex) --> afferent arterioles --> glomerular capillaries --> efferent arterioles --> pertibular capillaries --> interlobular veins --> arcuate veins --> interlobar veins --> renal veins
Term
juxtaglomerular apparatus
Definition

regulation of blood pressure

 

where afferent arteriole makes contact with ascending limb of Loop of Henle

 

renin production

 

pressure sensor muscle cells

Term
nephronic syndrome
Definition

disease of the glomerulus

 

defect of glomerular filtration

 

hypoalbuminimia = low albumen in blod, but high in urine, holes in glomerular epithelium

Term
Nephronophthisis & Polycystic Kidney Disease
Definition

cystic (BIG holes) dieseases of the kidney

 

causes: protein defects in primary cilia on renal tubular epithelium

Term
hemodialysis
Definition

take blood and filter it outisde of the body then replace it

 

used for kidney failure

Term
peritoneal dialysis
Definition

use peritoneal lining to filtrate the blood, need permanent catheter

 

treatment for kidney failure

Term
glomerular filtration (amount)
Definition

filtration of plasma

 

150-180L of primary urine per day

Term
tubular reabsorption
Definition

99% of water is reabsorbed

 

1-2L final urine per day

Term
ADH (Vasopressin)
Definition

controls water reabsorption of water from nephrons

 

without it, 10% increase in excreted urine per day

 

most absorbed in prosimal tubule

Term
tubular secretion
Definition

drugs, wastes, excess ions, creatinine

 

control blood pH

Term
diuretics
Definition
sunstances that slow renal reabsorption of water and cause diuresis = inc urine flow rate
Term
hydrourter
Definition

when physiological valve does not work:

bak up of urine into renal pelvis = infection

 

cause: straight ureter

Term
histology of ureter
Definition

mucosa- transitional epithelium, secretes mucus

muscularis- longitudinal and circular smooth muscle

adventitia layer- connective tissue with Bvs, LVs, nerves, anchors ureters in palce

Term
trigone
Definition
smooth, flat area in the shape of a tiangle, bordered by 2 urethral openings and 1 internal urethral opening
Term
internal urethral opening
Definition
smooth muscle
Term
external urethral opening
Definition
skeletal muscle
Term
detrusor muscle
Definition
lines bladder, smooth muscle contracts during urination and shuts ureter openings
Term
3 layers of bladder wall
Definition

mucosa- transitional epithelium + lamina propria

muscularis-  (detrusor muscle)- innter longitudinal, middle circular, outer, longitudinal

adventitia layer- connective tissue that achors bladder in place

Term
male urethra
Definition

20 cm

3 regions: prostate, membranous, spongey/penile

circular smooth muscle = interal sphincter

urogenital diaphragm = external sphincter

Term
female urethra
Definition

4 cm

orifice between clitorice and vagina

transitional epithelium = nonkeratinized stratified squamous spithelium, circular muscle

Supporting users have an ad free experience!