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403- Respiratory System
N/A
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
12/11/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
parts and function of Conductive Airways
Definition

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi

 

function: moisten, warm, filter, conduct air

Term
parts and function of Respiratory Airways
Definition

lungs

 

function: gas exchange

Term
3 parts of nasal septum
Definition

septal cartilage

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

vomer

Term
2 parts of the choanae
Definition

sphenoid sinus- secretes muscus, NOT gas exchange

 

orifice of auditory (Eustachian tube)- equalizes pressure between oral cavity and inner ear

Term
define nasal meatuses
Definition

superior, middle, inferior

 

airflow grooves, directs airflow

Term
olfactory epithelium
Definition

in roof of nasal cavity

 

involved in smell

Term
nasal conchae/turbinate
Definition

superior, middle, inferior

 

spongey bone, cause turbulence and airflow direction

Term
external naris
Definition
opening into the nose
Term
5 parts of the nasal cavity
Definition

1) choanae

2) olfactory epithelium

3) nasal meatesues

4) external naris

5) nasal conchae/turbinates

Term
3 regions of the pharynx
Definition

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

Term
borders of nasopharynx
Definition

choanae to soft pallate

 

includes pharyngeal tonsil and Eustachian tube

 

passageway for air

Term
borders of oropharynx
Definition

soft pallate to epiglottis

 

passageway for air and food

 

includes: uvula, palatine tonsil, fauces, lingual tonsil

Term
borders of laryngopharynx
Definition

epiglottis to cricoid cartilage

 

passageway for air

Term
3 tonsils
Definition

Pharyngeal, Palatine, Lingual

 

monitor everything coming through mouth = "gate keeper"

Term
thyroid cartilage
Definition

aka adam's apple

incomplete

protects

Term
arytenoid cartilage
Definition

posterior to adam's apple

insertion for true vocal cord muscles

Term
ventricular fold
Definition

false vocal cords

superior to tru vocal cords

Term
bronchial tree orde
Definition
trachea --> primary brochi --> secondary bronchi --> tertiary bronchi --> bronchioles --> terminal bronchioles
Term
what kind of epithelium is in the bronchial tree?
Definition

pseudostratified ciliated columnar in trachea, primary, secondary bronchi

 

simple cuboidal in the rest

Term
goblet cells
Definition

found in bronchial tree

 

secrete mucus

 

fewer ing number the closer to alveoli

Term
3 factors that contribute to asthmatic bronchial obstruction
Definition

1) constriction of smooth muscle

2) edema of mucosa- fills up with fluid

3) thick mucus production

Term
what makes up the lung hilum
Definition
bronchioles, veins, arteries
Term
bronchopulmonary segments
Definition

partions of the lungs that correspond to bronchial branches

 

used when removing lung cancer

Term
pulmonary emphysema
Definition

fewer alveolar sacs = harder to breath

 

not nearly as efficient

Term
alveolar-capillary membrane
Definition

exchange from alveoli to blood

4 layers:

1) alveolar epithelial wall of inner, type I cells

2) alveolar epithelial basement membrane

3) capillary basement membrane

4) endothelial cells of capillary

Term
pulmonary ventilation
Definition
breathing
Term
external respiration
Definition
exchange of gases between air and blood in alveoli
Term
internal respiration
Definition
exchange of gases between blood and tissues
Term
when does inspiration occur?
Definition
when pressure outside is higher than inside of the lungs
Term
when does expiration occur?
Definition
when pressure inside the lungs is greater than atmospheric pressure
Term
muscles of inspiration
Definition

Prinicple: diaphragm, external intercostals

 

Accessory: sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pec major & minor

Term
muscles of expiration
Definition

Prinicple: diaphragm, internal intercostals

 

Accessory: external/internal obliques, transverse/rectus abdominis

Term
what regulates breathing?
Definition

pons and medulla for rhythm

cortical influences

peripheral chemoreceptors from aortic body and carotid bodies (pH, PCO2, PO2)

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