Shared Flashcard Set

Details

403- Digestive System
N/A
67
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
12/10/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Gastrointestinal Tract

(7 major structures)

Definition
  1. Oral Cavity
  2. Pharynx (3 parts)
  3. Esophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small Intestine
  6. Large Intestine
  7. Rectum
Term
Accessory Digestive Organs (6)
Definition
  1. Teeth
  2. Tounge
  3. Salivary Glands
  4. Gall Bladder
  5. Liver
  6. Pancreas
Term
4 Layers of the GI tract
Definition
  1. Mucosal layer- inner, next to lumen, epithelium, areolar connective tissue, lymph nodules, thing layer smooth muscle
  2. Submucosal layer- collagenous fibers, nerves, BVs
  3. Muscularis layer- skeletal muscle for swallowing and defication, smooth muscle in between
  4. Serosa layer- simple squamous = visceral peritoneum
Term
Peritoneum
Definition
double layer serous membrane that covers some of the DS structures: parietal layer and visceral layer
Term
Functions of mesentery
Definition

1) supports intestines, stomach, liver

2) prevents intestinal twisting

3) stores fat

4) pathway for BVs and nerves

Term
Peritoneal Cavity
Definition
potential space containing a bit of serous fluid in lower abdomen, above bladder
Term
Greater Omentum
Definition
extra fold of peritoneum (4 layers) that covers the small intestine and some of the large intestine, starts at the greater curvature of the stomach
Term
Lesser Omentum
Definition
mesentary that connects the stomach to the liver, from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the inferior liver
Term
Peritonitis
Definition
acute inflammation of the peritoneum caused by contamination by infection of microbes during surgery or from rupture of abdominal organs
Term
boudaries of the oral cavity
Definition

anterior: lips = labia = oblicularis oris muscle

lateral: cheeks = buccinator muscle

superior: soft and hard palate

interior: tongue

Term
labial frenulum
Definition
attaches lips to gums
Term
lingual frenulum
Definition
connects tongue to oral cavity (2/3 of oral cavity)
Term
3 types of rough papillae on tongue
Definition

1) filliform

2) fungiform

3) vallte

Term
Filiform papillae
Definition
cone shaped, no taste buds, friction to keep food on tongue, smallest, most abundant
Term
Fungiform papillae
Definition
mushroom-shaped, has taste buds, well vascularized = red tongue
Term
Vallate papillae
Definition
on back of tongue in inverted V, 12 large papillae, has taste buds
Term
total teeth in adult and kinds
Definition

32 total teeth

Indisors = 8, for cutting

Canines = 4, for tearing and piercing

Premolars = 8, for grinding and crushing

Molars = 12, for grinding and crushing

 

20 teeth in a child (no premolars)

Term
bones where roots of teeth sit
Definition
alveolar process of mandible and maxilla
Term
Pulp cavity
Definition
center of tooth, receives BVs, nerves from root canal, at the end of the root canal, innervated by mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Term
Dentin
Definition
non-living boney matrix of tooth, largest portion of tooth, surrounded by enamel
Term
enamel
Definition
above the gum line only, hardest known biological substance, made of calcium phsphate crystals, covers dentin
Term
gingivitis
Definition
bacterial infection of gums
Term
plaque
Definition

sticky matrix on surface of teeth made by bacterial + trapped food aprticles

hardens = tarter

Term
function of salivary glands
Definition

1) cleanse mouth

2) antibacterial

3) start CHO digestion

4) aids in chewing and swallowing

Term
3 external salivary glands
Definition

1) parotid

2) submandibular

3) sublingual

Term
location and duct of Parotid gland
Definition

largest salivary gland,  inferior and anterior to ears, between skin and maseter muscle

 

parotid duct = Stensen's duct- connects gland to oral cavity by piercing buccinator muscle

Term
location and duct of submandibular gland
Definition

beneath mandible

 

submandibular duct = Wharton's duct

Term
location and duct of sublingual gland
Definition

under the tongue

 

sublingual duct = Rivinus' duct

Term
structure and function of Pharynx
Definition

funnel-shaped tube that extends from internal nares to esophagus

 

moves bolus (food) + saliva from mouth to esophagus

Term
voluntary phase of esophagus
Definition
tongue pushed food into pharynx
Term
involuntary phase of esophagus
Definition

pharyngeal stage = peristalsis

circular smooth muscle fibers behind

longitudinal fibers in front

Term
stomach hernia
Definition
part of the stomach pierces through the diaphragm
Term
4 parts of the stomach
Definition

1) cardiac region

2) fundus- air bubble

3) body- greater and lesser curvature

4) phyloric region

Term
3 layers of Muscularis Externa of stomach
Definition

outer- longitudinal

middle- circular

inner- oblique

Term
Parietal cells of stomach body
Definition
secrete HCl, kill microbes, denature proteins
Term
Chief cells of stomach
Definition
secrete pepsinogen, gastric lipase, intrinsic factor, fatty acid breakdown, protein breakdown, vit B12 absorption
Term
Chronic Gastric Ulcer
Definition

defect in mucosa, hole in wall of organ

cause: HCl, pepsin, helicobacter pylori (bacterial that can live in the acidity of the stomach)

 

dual therapy =  cut out HCl and antibiotic

Term
Mechanical Digestion of the Stomach
Definition

1) gentle mixing waves- every 15-20 seconds

2) mixes with 2 quarts/day of gastric juices

3) vigorous waves- travel from body to pyloric

4) intense waves open sphincter and squirt 1-2 teaspoons out/wave

Term
Chemical digestion of stomach
Definition

1) parietal cells denature protein and secrete HCl- begin protein digestion

2) cheif cells secrete gastric lipase to break down fats

3) HCl from parietal cells kills microbes in food

4) thick mucous layer protect stomach from being digested

Term
cephalic phase of digestion
Definition
stomach getting ready
Term
emesis
Definition
vomiting
Term
3 regions of the SI
Definition

duedenum- digestion

jejunum- absorption

ileum- absorption

Term
Brunner's gland in duodenum
Definition

makes alkaline mucus to neurtalize chyme

in duodenum

Term
Peyer's Patches
Definition

MALT- fight infection

part of lymphatic tissue

in ileum

Term
Blood vessels of the SI
Definition

superior mesenteric vein --> hepatic portal vein

superior mesternic artery

gastroduodenal arter (from hepatic artery)

Term
Kocher Maneuver
Definition

can surgically cut the peritoneum between the duodenum and the pancreas because there are not BVs

 

reveals retroperitoneal area

Term
plicae circulares
Definition

deep folds of mucosa & submucosa to slow down chyme in order for it to be absorbed

 

in SI

Term
Villi
Definition

finger-like projections of mucosa

simple columnar epithelium

inc SA for absorption in SA

Term
lamina propria
Definition

BVs and LVs (absorb fat)

 

anchor villi to SI

 

in most mucosa membranes (respiratory, GI, urogenital)

Term
intestinal crypts
Definition

narrow pouches between villi

 

secrete water and mucus

 

contain paneth cells = lysozymes

Term
microvilli
Definition

hair-like projections on the cell membrane of the villi

 

make up the brush-border

 

secrete enzymes for protein, sugar, CHO digestion

Term
4 regions of LI
Definition

1) cecum- contains appendix (MALT), part of peritoneum

2) colon

3) rectum

4) anal canal

Term
4 regions of colon
Definition

1) ascending colon, hepatic flexure

2) transverse colon- part of peritoneum, splenic flexure

3) descending colon

4) sigmoid colon- in peritoneum

Term
ANS innervation of anal canal
Definition

parasympathetic:

S2, S3, S4

Term
hemorrhoids
Definition
distensions of veins that stick out if muscles are overused
Term
teniae coli
Definition

in LI as muscularis externa

3 bands of smooth muscle

produce long, powerful peristalsis to move chyme to rectum

Term
Haustra
Definition

in LI

sac-like poudches

slow segmentation of chyme to mix, and absorb

Term
epiploic appendages
Definition

fat-like bags hanging from serosa

 

a way the body stores fat

Term
function of LI
Definition

absorb water and vitamins

 

form feces

Term
function of the liver for the GIT
Definition

1) destroy and store toxins

2) remove foreign debris (old RBC, antibodies, hormones)

3) regulate blood osmolarity: make albumin

 

hepatocytes- make bile

Term
4 lobes of the liver
Definition

right lobe

left lobe

cuadate- next to inferior vena cava

quadrate- next to gall bladder

Term
portal triad
Definition
hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct
Term
duodenal papillae (in gall bladder)
Definition
= hepatopancratic ampulla = common bile duct + pancreatic duct
Term
sphincter of Oddi
Definition

controls the duodenal papillae

(aka hepatopancreatic ampulla)

Term
7 risk factors of gallstones
Definition

1) family history

2) female

3) ferricomplectic

4) forty years old

5) how many kids you have

6) fat

7) flatulent

Term

Cholecystokinin

(CCK)

Definition

relaxes sphincter of Oddi

allows bile from common bile duct and pancreatic duct to flow into duodenum

Term
what do the pancreatic acini cells secrete?
Definition

enzymes for digestion

amylase- starch digestion

lipase- fat digestion

endopeptidases- protein digestion

Supporting users have an ad free experience!