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401A - K9 Anatomy lecture
anatomy lecture (Stover) Lec 1-7
17
Anatomy
Professional
10/08/2010

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Term
In naming a muscle, the (prefix/suffix) describes the origin and the (prefix/suffix) describes the insertion.
Definition
- prefix describes origin
- suffix describes insertion
Term
Is the transverse plane of a limb parallel to the transverse plane of the spine?
Definition
- NO
- transverse planes are planes the transects the long axis
- the long axis of a limb is diff from the long axis of the spine (see lec 1 slides)
Term
Is the transverse plane of the cervical spine parallel to the transverse plane of the lumbar spine?
Definition
- NO
- cervical spine curves, planes are not parallel (see lec 1 slides)
Term
What is the term rostral used for?
Definition
- used to describe structures of the head only
- it means nearer to the tip of the nose
Term
What are the terms anterior/posterior and superior/inferior used for in vet med?
Definition
- only for certain structures of the ear and eye
Term
In describing the foot of a thoracic limb (distal to the antebrachial carpal joint), what directional terms should be used? What about in a pelvic limb?
Definition
thoracic limb - dorsal, palmar

pelvic limb - dorsal, plantar
Term
In describing an area of a limb proximal to the tarsocrural joint, what directional terms should be used?
Definition
cranial and caudal
(this applies for both the thoracic and pelvic limbs)
Term
What is the definition of pronation? Of suppination?
Definition
- pronation is rotation of a limb so that palmar or plantar surfaces faces ventral
- suppination is rotation of limb so that palmar or plantar surfaces faces up ("soup-inate)
Term
What is the mathematical equation that was given for speed?
Definition
speed = stride length x stride rate
Term
Name 3 adaptations that improve speed.
Definition
- muscle mass is more proximal on the limbs: this increases frequency of oscillation, increases speed
- longer limbs: this increases stride length --> increase speed
- disproportional growth of distal bones (ex. horses are unguligrade): this increases stride distance and oscillation rate
- narrowing of thoracic cavity, loss of clavicle: freer movement of scapula and thoracic limb
- flexibility of spine (ex cheetah)
- torque and range of limb movement
Term
Name an example of an animal that is plantigrade. Digitigrade? Unguligrade?
Definition
- plantigrade - humans, beavers
- digitigrade - dogs, cats
- unguligrade - horses
Term
What are some common traits that define the origin of a muscle?
Definition
- usually has no tendon (if does, is short)
- is most proximal attachment of muscle
- the least moveable part of muscle
- may be an aponeurotic tendon
Term
What are some common traits of an insertion of a muscle?
Definition
- usually has a tendon
- most distal attachemnt
- most moveable part
- may be an aponeurotic tendon
Term
In general, if you have more digits, what will happen to the distal tendons?
Definition
- they will split to support more digits
Term
Which digit is in contact with the ground in a horse (which one does it walk on?)
Definition
the 3rd digit
Term
Does a horse have an ulna?
Definition
- not as a separate bone, but it has a remnant of the distal end of the ulna that is fused with the radius as the lateral styloid process
Term
What are the two functions of the musculoskeletal system?
Definition
- support of the body
- locomotion
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