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3rd Year Prev Med #1
First Prev-Med Exam
90
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
01/29/2011

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
When did Teddy Roosevelt sign the meat inspection act?
Definition
1906
Term
What year was the Poultry Inspection Act enacted?
Definition
1958
Term
When was the Wholesome Meat Act enacted?
Definition
1967
Term
What 3 things did the Meat Inspection Act achieve?
Definition
- Established states' right to provide meat and poultry inspection
-Systematized city and county inspection programs
-Gave USDA authority over brokers, storage facilities, etc.
Term
When was the Wholesome Poultry Act enacted?
Definition
1968
Term
What did the Curtis (custom slaughter) Act of 1968 accomplish? (2)
Definition
-Prohibits any sale of custom products
-Requires the use of custom products by owner's family and non-paying guests
Term
What does the Humane Slaughter Act of 1978 mandate?
Definition
Animals be insensitive to pain prior to killing
Term
4 approved methods of stunning animals prior to slaughter?
Definition
- electrical
- gunshot
- captive bolt
- carbon dioxide
Term
Is antemortem inspection done before or after slaughter?
Definition
before
Term
With respect to slaughter, what day should the antemortem inspection take place?
Definition
The day of slaughter.
Term
If an animal has an abnormal breathing pattern on antemortme inspection, what should be done with the animal?
Definition
It should be isolated as a suspect
Term
What must be done with downer cows at antemortem inspection?
Definition
They must be condemned
Term
3 possible antemortem dispositions?
Definition
1. Pass for regular slaughter
2. Pass for slaughter as ODA/US suspect
3. ODA/US condemned
Term
What is done with a cow in which ocular SCC is found on antemortem slaughter inspection?
Definition
ODA/US suspect unless extensive necrosis
Term
What happens to a cow which displays CNS signs on antemortem inspection?
Definition
ODA/US condemned
Term
What happens to a cow with abnormal posture and dyspnea on antemortem slaughter inspection?
Definition
ODA/US suspect unless obviously systemic
Term
What happens to a cow with cachexia on antemortem slaughter inspection?
Definition
ODA/US condemned
Term
What happens when a cow has pyrexia on antemortem slaughter exam?
Definition
ODA/US condemned
Term
What happens to an animal that has icterus on Post-Mortem exam?
Definition
ODA/US condemned
Term
What happens when a cow has metastatic melanoma on post-mortem exam?
Definition
ODA/US condemned
Term
Will a cow with ocular SCC discovered on post-mortem exam be ODA/US condemned?
Definition
Only if there is metastasis or extensive bone involvement
Term
What does SSOP stand for?
Definition
Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures
Term
What does HACCP stand for?
Definition
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points
Term
Who performs in-plant residue testing on meat with injection site lesions?
Definition
on-site veterinarians (results in 24 hours)
Term
What are 4 microbiology sampling programs of meat plants?
Definition
- Monthly pathogen screens
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Salmonella
- E. coli 0157
Term
In what year did the ODA get the first positive sample for E. Coli 0157 from an Ohio meat plant?
Definition
2007
Term
what 7 things are required to be on a meat label?
Definition
1. Product Name
2. Ingredient Statement
3. Plant address
4. Net weight statement
5. Inspection legend
6. Handling statement
7. Safe handling statement
Term
What type of product gets a safe handling label?
Definition
Food not "ready to eat"
Term
What is the most regulated food in America?
Definition
Milk
Term
When was the standard milk ordinance/pasteurized milk ordinance developed?
Definition
1924
Term
who suggests/modifies the rules of milk production? How often do they meet?
Definition
National Conference on Interstate milk Shipments (NCIMS). Every 2 years.
Term
What ordinance is the recognized national standard for milk sanitation?
Definition
Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO)
Term
Does the FDA have jurisdiction in the enforcement of milk sanitation standards?
Definition
No. Except on milk products shipped across state lines.
Term
What is the only grade of milk that can be sold as liquid milk, cottage cheese, and yogurt?
Definition
Grade A milk
Term
What % of milk made in US is Grade A milk?
Definition
>95%
Term
What are the Grade A milk qualifications for the following parameters?
- Cooling
- Bacterial limits
- Coliforms
- Antibiotics
- Somatic Cell Count
Definition
- Cooling = <7C within 2 hrs after milk
- Bacterial limits = <100,000 col/ml
- Coliforms = <750 col/ml
- Antibiotics = no positive results
- Somatic Cell = <750,000 cells/ml
Term
How often are farms inspected by the PMO?
Definition
Every 6 months.
Term
What 4 things should be listed on drugs used on lactating cows?
Definition
- Directions for use
- Witholding times
- Cautionary Statements
- Active ingredients
Term
What are the 2 goals of pasteurization?
Definition
1. Destroy pathogenic microorganisms in milk
2. Enhance shelf life of milk and milk products
Term
Does pasteurization sterilize milk?
Definition
No!!
Term
What organisms do current pasteurization standards aim to inactivate?
Definition
Coxiella burnetti (Q Fever organism)
Term
At what rate are bacteria killed during pasteurization?
Definition
Bacteria are killed at a rate that is proportional to their number
Term
Before widespread pasteurization what % of illness was caused by milkborne pathogens?
Definition
25%
Term
What are 2 examples of preharvest milk contamination?
Definition
1. systemic disease
2. mastitis
Term
What are 4 examples of postharvest milk contamination?
Definition
1. fecal contamination during milking
2. storage
3. distribution
4. processing
Term
Does the risk:benefit ratio make it worth drinking raw milk?
Definition
hell no
Term
Who regulates the sale of raw milk within a state?
Definition
The state.
Term
Is the interstate sale of raw milk allowed?
Definition
No. The FDA banned it in 1987.
Term
How many states currently allow the sale of raw milk?
Definition
29
Term
What is a cow-share agreement?
Definition
Consumers pay a farmer a fee for boarding their cow, caring for their cow, and milking their cow. The cow share owner then obtains the milk from his own cow (without having to purchase it).
Term
Is the sale of raw milk legal in Ohio?
Definition
No.
Term
What % of milk consumed by humans in the US is raw milk?
Definition
1-2%
Term
Between 1973-1992, how many raw milk outbreaks were reported to the CDC?
Definition
46
Term
What was the fastest growing sector of US agriculture in the 1990's?
Definition
Organic production
Term
In 2005, how many states had certified organic farmland?
Definition
50
Term
When did congress pass the organic food production act?
Definition
1990
Term
What was the purpose of the Organic Food Production Act of 1990?
Definition
To require the USDA to develop national standards for organically produced agricultural products.
Term
What are the 2 goals of the USDA National Organic Program?
Definition
1. Assurance of organic integrity
2. Uniformity of organic standards
Term
When can the organic food labels be used?
Definition
When the food is 100% organic (or multiple ingredients are 95-100% organic)
Term
Organic is a ________ claim
Definition
production
Term
Is organic a food safety claim?
Definition
No.
Term
How long is the transitioning period for organic plant farms to become organic?
Definition
3 years.
Term
How long is the transitioning period for livestock farms to become organic?
Definition
1 year.
Term
How long must certified organic foods be raised under organic conditions?
Definition
From the final 3rd of gestation OR from hatching
Term
What is the healthcare based on for organic products?
Definition
Preventative practices.
Term
Is the producer allowed to withold medical treatment from a sick animal if it is an animal raised for organic production?
Definition
No. They must treat it and put it in conventional production.
Term
Which milk must conform to higher health standards - conventional milk or organic milk?
Definition
They must both conform to the same standards
Term
What kind of milk must calves raised for organic purposes be fed?
Definition
Whole milk
Term
How often do organic cows over 6 months old have to have access to pasture? How much of their diet must come from pasture?
Definition
At least 120 days. At least 30% of diet from dry matter intake during grazing season.
Term
What is the irradiation of food?
Definition
The process of exposing food to ionizing radiation to disinfect, sterilize, or preserve food
Term
Is the irradition of food allowed in organic food handling?
Definition
No.
Term
What are the 3 different technologies of food irradiation?
Definition
- Electron beams
- Gamma rays
- X rays
Term
Are parasites and insects sensisitive to irradiation
Definition
Yes. They are rapidly killed by low doses of irradiation.
Term
Are bacteria sensitive to food irradiation?
Definition
No. bacteria require high doses of irradiation to be killed.
Term
Are viruses sensitive to food irradiation?
Definition
No. They are resistant.
Term
Are prions very sensitive to irraditaion?
Definition
No. Prions are not affected by irradiation.
Term
What unit is used to measure the dose of irradiation?
Definition
Gray (Gy)
Term
In what unit is the killing of organisms by irradiation measured in?
Definition
D-Values
Term
1-D of irradiation kills equals how many organisms killed?
Definition
90%
Term
Is irradition a food additive or a process done to food?
Definition
A food additive.
Term
What agencies must approve the use of food irradition?
Definition
FDA and USDA
Term
Do irradiated foods become radioactive?
Definition
No.
Term
Is food irradiation a replacement to proper food handling techniques?
Definition
No, it is just a complement to it.
Term
What relative humidity is ideal for animals?
Definition
40-60%
Term
What is the most common gas in livestock buildings (it comes from manure and is lighter than air).
Definition
Ammonia
Term
What is the deadliest gas in livestock buildings (usually present in manure pits and is heavier than air)?
Definition
Hydrogen Sulfide
Term
What are 4 of the most common problems in Small Animal Housing?
Definition
1. High Ammonia levels
2. Ventilation system not working
3. Overstocking of animals
4. Drafts from fans and air vents
Term
How often should air exchanges in a room take place?
Definition
10-15 room air exchanges per hour.
Term
How much do you have to increase air temperature to cut humidity in half?
Definition
18 degrees
Term
What type of veltilation works best in horse facilities?
Definition
Natural ventilation.
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