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-German monk
-Posted 95 theses to door (b/c he decided to take action against the wrongs that he perceived in current church practices) |
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Charles V decided to solve the Luther problem and he was to speak here. He was protected by Frederick of Sassony. He refused to back down and was then "kidnapped" for his safety.
-In Hiding: wrote the Bible in German, married a nun, established a church |
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| Catholic church attempts against the Reformation |
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| Soldiers of Christ... organized like an army. They report directly ot the Pope. They were strong advocates of changing the Pope back to this. |
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| where the Catholic church tries to discuss how to change the things people are upset about. One of the findings is that the King has the right to name the religion of the region. They did this because all they have to do is convert the king. |
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| ensure fidelity of those under the Catholic church's control |
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-Switzerland: Zurich
-Agreed with Luther on many concept but wanted to tie religion with nationalsim
-Died in battle
-Created Anabaptists: Mennonites and Amish |
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-France, Geneva (school and government)
-Disagreed wiht Luther on many items of doctrine
-Presbyterianism |
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-Francis I didn't let Protestanism flourish.
-Henry II married Catherine de Medici
-Francis II married Mary, Queen of Scotland
-Charles IX (brother of Francis II)
-Henry III (brother of Charles and Francis)
-Henry of Navarre (appointed, not related), became Henry IV, first of the Bourbon rulers
-->all Catholics |
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Right of Huguenots to practice their religion was guaranteed.
Toleration. |
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| Charles IX reign, Catherine felt that the Huguenots were gaining too much power, they were slaughtered across the country. |
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| Paying to diminish time in purgatory through forgiveness of sins, sometimes even before the sins were committed. |
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| selling of church positions |
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| Selling of papal exceptions to normal church rules such as ending a marriage, marrying someone closer than the laws of sanguinity would allow, taking a position in the church before the proper age, and holding of multiple church positions that conflicted in time and location, and conquest through war |
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-Early reformer
-Translated the Bible into English to be used by all
-KJV of Bible used it as an important reference |
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Supporters of Wycliffe
-Protested so vigorously, he wasn't excommunicated at his trial |
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-Denied papal infallibility
-Protected by Wenceslas, but when he died and Sigismund took over, he failed to protect him
-Hus was burned at the stake |
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-Renowned debator sent to silence Luther
-question: "Do you personally believe that Jan Hus should have been convicted of heresy and executed?" Falsely=defy pope, Wrongfully=turn on his followers |
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| Switzerland in the 16th century was not a single, unified country but, rather, a group of independent regions. |
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-Contemporary of Luther
-Translated the Bible form original Greek and Hebrew into English
-captured, tried, and executed
-words he invented: Jehovah, Passover, Atonement, and Scapegoat |
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Tried to squish Tyndale.
"Defender of the Faith." (Catholic)
-Created his own religion, Church of England, b/c he wanted to divorce and remarry |
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Influenced King Henry VIII as the chief legal counselor.
Wrote Utopia: describes his ideas of a perfect society...utopian society) |
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| Child of Catherine of Aragon, tried to crush the new Protestant faith in England and reestablish Catholicism killing many. Married the Spanish King. |
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