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24 - Urinary System
na
19
Anatomy
1st Grade
04/25/2009

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Term
renal corpuscle
Definition
this is where filtration takes place; this consists of glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) and enclosed glomerulus
Term
podocytes
Definition
these cells, located on the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule, cling to the glomerulus capillaries; highly modified branching cells
Term
thin and thick segment
Definition
descending and ascending loop of Henle
Term
cortical nephrons
Definition
nephrons that are located entirely in cortex
Term
juxtamedullary nephrons
Definition
these nephrons' loop of Henle go deep into medulla; produce concentrated urine
Term
peritubular capillaries
Definition
these capillaries cling closely to renal tubules and absorb solutes and water from the tubule cells
Term
vasa recta
Definition
the peritubular capillaries of juxtamedullary nephrons; they extend deep into medulla paralleling the longest loops of Henle
Term
juxtaglomerular apparatus
Definition
this is the most distal portion of ascending limb of loop of Henle; this lies against the afferent arteriole feeding the glomerulus
Term
granular cells
Definition
these muscle cells act as mechanoreceptors that sense blood pressure in afferent arterioles
Term
macula densa
Definition
chemoreceptors that that respond to changes in NaCl content; this and granular cells play important roles in regulating rate of filtrate formation
Term
filtration membrane
Definition
this membrane lies between blood and interior of glomerular capsule
Term
net filtration pressure
Definition
this pressure is responsible for filtrate formation
Term
glomerular hydrostatic pressure
Definition
force pushing water and solutes out of blood and across filtration membrane
Term
colloid osmotic pressure of glomerular blood and capsular hydrostatic pressure
Definition
two filtration - opposing forces
Term
glomerular filtration rate
Definition
volume of filtrate formed each minute by combined activity of all 2 million glomeruli of kidneys
Term
myogenic mechanism
Definition
part of renal autoregulation (intrinisc control); tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched; increasing systemic BP causes afferent arteries to constrict which restricts flow into glomerulus; opposite when low BP
Term
tubuloglomerular feedback
Definition
(intrinsic control); directed by macula densa cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus; these cells, located on walls of ascending limb of Henle's loop, respond to filtrate concentration NaCl concentration
Term
sympathetic nervous system control
Definition
extrinsic control of filtration; during stress; neural controls constrict afferent arterioles inhibiting filtrate; this in turn trips the renin-angiotensin mechanism by stimulating macula densa
Term
renin-angiotensin mechanism
Definition
triggered when various stimuli cause granular cells to release renin which enzymatically acts on angiotensinogen converts it to angiotensin I. this turns into angiotensin II by ACE; angiotensin II stabilizes systemic BP
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