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2320
Medical Terms
90
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/11/2011

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Term
Distal
Definition
farther away from the center of the body (ie.fingers are distal to the toes)
Term
proximal
Definition
closer to the center of the body (ie, the knee is more proximal than the ankles)
Term
medial
Definition
towards the middle or midline
Term
lateral
Definition
pertaining to the side
Term
coronal plane
Definition
an imaginary plane which slices perpendicularly (like a T) through the head parallel to the front of the face...divides body front from back
Term
sagittal plane
Definition
imaginary plane which slices parallel to the midline of the body (left and right)perpendicular to the anterior surface
Term
midsagittal
Definition
a sagittal section exactly through the midline
Term
parasagittal
Definition
a sagittal section parallel to midsagittal,but not midsagittal
Term
horizontal or transverse plane
Definition
at a right angle to coronal and sagittal planes, divides body into superior and inferior portions (top from bottom)
Term
anterior
Definition
towards the front, or ventral surface of the body
Term
posterior
Definition
toward the back, or dorsal surface of the body
Term
superficial
Definition
towards the surface (ie. skin is most superficial surface)
Term
deep
Definition
under other layers (ie. muscles are deep to the skin)
Term
ipsilateral
Definition
on the same side of the body
Term
contralateral
Definition
the opposite side of the body
Term
vessel
Definition
a hollow tube (ie, esophagus or aorta)
Term
cord
Definition
a long, thin, solid structure (ie. nerve or ligament)
Term
superior
Definition
above
Term
inferior
Definition
Below
Term
peri
Definition
around, about or near
Term
para
Definition
beside,beyond,altered, abnormal
Term
inter
Definition
between or among
Term
intra
Definition
within
Term
internal
Definition
inside
Term
external
Definition
for the outside
Term
afferent vessel
Definition
blood or lymph flowing towards an organ
Term
afferent nerves
Definition
conduct impulses towards the CNS (central nervous system)sending messages
Term
efferent vessels
Definition
takes blood away from an organ
Term
efferent nerves
Definition
(motor) conducts impulses away from CNS...receiving messages
Term
elevation
Definition
bump
Term
process
Definition
any elevation
Term
crest
Definition
elongated elevation
Term
spine
Definition
a sharp, pointed process
Term
tubercle or tuberosity
Definition
a rough, rounded elevation
Term
condyle
Definition
a large, rounded eminence (high bump) for articulation (to touch) with another bone
Term
epicondyle
Definition
elevation on a condyle, above the condyle
Term
depressions
Definition
concave
Term
alveolus
Definition
a deep and narrow pit
Term
fovea
Definition
a small depression
Term
fossa
Definition
a shallow, but wider depression
Term
sulcus
Definition
a groove
Term
meatus
Definition
a canal
Term
hiatus
Definition
a slit-like gap or a cleft
Term
cavity
Definition
an antrum, air cells, or a sinus/enclosed body that holds something
Term
foramen
Definition
a natural hole
Term
symphyses
Definition
found only on midline of the body
Term
meatus
Definition
canal
Term
fontanelles are made from_______
Definition
cartilage
Term
what 4 things can be learned from fontanelles?
Definition
1.Growing process/progress
2.identify any cranial malformations
3.Level of hydration
4. Level of intercranial pressure
Term
What happens to sutures in the elderly?
Definition
the close
Term
People of African descent have a larger _____? and what is it called?
Definition
jutting out of the maxilla (prognathus),wide nasal aperture, long, broad palate and a skull with longer lateral aspects.
Term
In the infant skull, by what age do the bones fuse?
Definition
18 months
Term
during first few months of life what fontanelle begins to close?
Definition
the posterior fontanelle
Term
by what age is the posterior fonatnelle fused?
Definition
about 1 year
Term
by 18 mos you can no longer palpate the _______ fontanelle
Definition
anterior
Term
Asian skulls tend to have _________
Definition
zygomatic bones that project forward, very rounded orbits, and flat profiles.
Term
Caucasian skulls have ________
Definition
recessed zygomatic bones, narrow nasal apertures, narrow, triangular palate and a metopic suture.
Term
Name the layers before the bone on the skull
Definition
Skin
superfiCial fascia
epicranial Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum
Term
Describe myelin
Definition
fatty substance that covers and protects nerves, a layered sheath that acts like elctrical conduit.
Term
aneurysm
Definition
a bulging, weak area of an artery that supplies blood to the brain
Term
Describe subdural hematoma and what type of vessel is bleeding?
Definition
collection of blood UNDER the dura mater- it is a bleeding VEIN
Term
Define epidural hematoma and what vessel is bleeding?
Definition
when blood accumulates between the skull and the dura- caused by tearing of artery
Term
Describe subarachnoid hemmorhage and what vessel is bleeding
Definition
Bleeding between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater.....the SUBarachnoid space.....the bleeding from an artery
Term
Describe CSF
Definition
Cerebrospinal fluid.....it is protective and nourishing , colorless, liquid that goes through ventricles and spinal cord as a shock absorber
Term
what causes the "white" in white matter?
Definition
the mylenin
Term
what are the 3 layers of connective tissue that cover the brain?
Definition
dura mater
arachnoid layer
pia mater
Term
another name for the motor strip
Definition
pre- central gyrus
Term
another name for the sensory strip
Definition
post- central gyrus
Term
a touch on your left arm will cause neurons to fire where?
Definition
RIGHT post- central gyrus
Term
language in most people occurs in what hemisphere?
Definition
the left cerebral hemisphere
Term
when someone asks you a question in what order is it processed in your brain? (to understand and respond back)
Definition
1. Heschl's gyrus receives auditory input
2. Wernicke's area decodes language.
3. arcuate fasciculus, white matter pathways that transfers the info to an area near the motor cortex.
4. Broca's area speech.
Term
What is the LEFT hemisphere of the cerebral cortex responsible for? (4 things)
Definition
. Controls muscles on R side of body
2. Spoken and written language
3. Numerical and scientific skills
4. Reasoning
Term
What is the RIGHT hemisphere of the cerebral cortex responsible for?(5 things)
Definition
1. Controls muscles of L side of body
2. Musical and artistic awareness
3. Space and pattern perception
4. Insight
5. Imagination
Term
pre central gyrus controls this group
Definition
voluntray muscle groups
Term
POST central gyrus carries info for.......
Definition
temperature
pain
touch
and body positioning
Term
what could a lesion in Broca's are cause?
Definition
non fluent apahasia or expressive aphasia (cannot articluate or form words properly)
Term
patient presents with fluent aphasia or receptive sensory apahasia (cannot understand spoken or written communication (speaks but not coherent)
Definition
stroke or lesion in Wernickes
Term
describe alzheimers disease
Definition
degeneration and death of nerve cells in the hippocampus and amygdala causing memory deficit and poor cognitive skills
Term
progressive disorder of nervous system that involves movement
Definition
parkinsons disease
Term
condition that involves brain and nervous system functions caused by brain injury/abnormality/hypoxia
Definition
cerebral palsy
Term
Huntingtons disease
Definition
genetic disease, defect on chromosome #4 where certain nerve cells in brain degenerate
Term
Whats epilepsy?
Definition
brain disorder involving repeated, spontaneous seizures, caused by abnormally excited electrical signals in the brain
Term
progressive, autoimmune disease that effects brain and spinal cord caused by damage to the myelin sheath
Definition
multiple sclerosis
Term
paralysis of 1 side of body
Definition
hemiplegia
Term
no speech
Definition
apahsia
Term
describe hippocampus
Definition
area deep in forebrain that helps regulate emotion and memory, functionally part of the olfactory cotex which is essential to smell
Term
map of your body in your brain
Definition
cortex homunculus
Term
where is the danger triangle?
Definition
goes from upper lip to bridge of nose
Term
what is the danger in the danger triangle Causes?
Definition
infection of facial veins spreading to dural sinuses.caused by lacertaion to nose or squeezing pimple next to nose or upper lip
Term
in what lobe is the primary vision area?
Definition
occipital lobe
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