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| also called gastrointestinal tract; this is the continuous muscular digestive tube that winds through the body |
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| accessory digestive organs |
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Definition
| teeth, tongue, gallbladder, and number of large digestive glands such as salivary glands, liver and pancreas make up these organs |
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| layer whose functions are secretion of mucus, absorption of end products of digestion in blood, and protection against infectious disease |
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| moderately dense connective tissue containing blood and lymphatic vessles, lymphoid follicles, and nerve fibers |
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| layer responsible for segmentation and peristalsis. |
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| protective outermost layer of intraperitoneal organs; visceral peritoneum |
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| serosa is replaced by this in esophagus |
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| this layer has mucus secreting globlet cells of mucosa |
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| layer of mucosa that contains smooth muscle cells and produces local movements of mucosa; |
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| under lies the epithelium of mucosa; its capillaries nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients |
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| neurons that communicate widely with one another to regulate digestive system activity; |
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| occupies the submucosa; includes sensory as well as motor neurons; chiefly regulates activity of glands and smooth muscle in the mucosa in alimentary canal |
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| lines between circular and longitudinal muscle layers of muscularis externa; contains enteric neurons that control patterns of segmentation and peristalsis; largely automatic involving local reflex arcs |
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| fancy word for swallowing |
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| in stomach, food is converted a creamy paste called this |
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| these cells found in upper regions of gastic glands, produce a thin, different type of mucus from that secreted by goblet cells of surface epithelium; acidic mucous, function unknown |
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| found mainly in middle region of gastric glands scattered among the chief cells, simultaneously secrete HCL and intrinsic factor |
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| these cells in gastric glands secrete pepsinogen, inactive form of protein-digesting enzyme pepsin |
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Definition
| cells in gastric glands that release variety of chemical messengers directly into interstitial fluid of laminia propria; example: gastrin; these chemicals go into bloodstream |
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| this protects stomach from digesting itself |
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| thing released in stomach that is required for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12; needed to produce mature RBC's. |
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| this phase of gastric secretion occurs before food enters stomach; stimulated by aroma, taste, etc. |
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| phase of gastric secretion that initiates when food reaches stomach, stimulated by local neural and hormonal mechanisms; |
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| type of endteroendocrine cells that release gastrin responding to rising pH and partially digested proteins, and caffeine |
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| inhibitory component of intestinal phase of gastric secretion; occurs when intestine distends with chyme containing large amounts of H+ |
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| smooth muscle expands when stretched; describing stomach |
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| deep permanent folds of mucosa and submucosa in small intestines |
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| fingerlike projections of mucosa that give it a velvety texture; |
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| a wide lymph capillary that is inside in the core of each villus; digested foodstuffs are absorbed into here (and blood) |
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| these are tubular intestinal glands; secrete intestinal juice, antimicrobial agents |
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| these increase in abundance toward end of small intestine; type of aggregated lymphoid follicles; |
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| enzymes on plasma membranes of microvilli which complete digestion of carbs and proteins in small intestine |
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Definition
| functional units of liver; consist of heptocyte s(liver cells) |
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| enterohepatic circulation |
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Definition
| the process by which bile salts are recycled |
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| stimulus for gallbladder contraction |
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| clusters of secretory cells surrounding ducts in pancreas; manufacture digestive enzymes |
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Definition
| how we close glottis and contract our diaphragm and abdominal wall muscles to increase intra-abdominal pressure - this aids defacation |
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