Shared Flashcard Set

Details

216 FINAL
ch. 24 urine system
55
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/07/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Organs of urinary system
Definition
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Term
functions of the urinary system
Definition
-Maintains purity of blood and other body fluids by disposing of waste products
-Urea
-Uric acid
-Creatinine
-Regulates blood volume and chemical makeup
Term
functions of urinary system:
Urea
Definition
from breakdown of amino acids from normal protein recycling
Term
functions of urinary system:
Uric acid
Definition
from nucleic acrid turnover
Term
functions of urinary system:
Creatinine
Definition
formed by the breakdown of creatine phosphate (which stores energy for ATP formation)
Term
Kidneys - External gross anatomy
Definition
-Red-brown, bean shaped
-Retroperitoneal
-Right kidney is slightly inferior to left (liver)
-Lateral surface is convex, medial is concave
~Hilum
-Renal capsule
-Cushioning by fat layers
Term
kidneys - External gross anatomy:
Hilum
Definition
area where blood vessels, nerves pass
Term
Kidneys - External Gross Anatomy
Renal capsule
Definition
surrounds each kidney (dense CT layer), maintains shape
Term
Kidneys - Internal gross anatomy
Definition
-Cortex
~renal corpuscles (filters)
~renal columns
-medulla
~medullary (renal)pyramids
-lobes
-renal sinus
~renal pelvis
~Calyx
Term
Kidneys - Internal gross anatomy:
renal columns
Definition
extend into inner region and seprate pyramids
Term
Kidneys - Internal gross anatomy:
medulla
Definition
inner region
Term
Kidneys - Internal gross anatomy:
medulary (renal) pyramid
Definition
base and apex (papilla); are striated (groups of nephrons)
Term
Kidneys - Internal gross anatomy:
lobes
Definition
pyramid + cortical tissue
Term
Kidneys - Internal gross anatomy:
renal sinus
Definition
space in medial portion of kidney, opening to hilum
~contians renal vessels, nerves, fat, renal pelvis, and calices
~renal pelvis
~Calyx
Term
Kidneys - Internal gross anatomy:
renal pelvis
Definition
flat tube, superior portion of ureter
Term
Kidneys - Internal gross anatomy:
Calyx
Definition
extension of renal pelvis, major or minor (cup-shaped tubes that surround papillae (apex) of the pyramids)
Term
blood supply to kidneys
Definition
-Kidneys cleanse blood, so they have a rich blood supply
-Arteries
-Veins
Term
blood supply to kidneys:
Arteries
Definition
-Abdominal aorta branches laterally to form renal aa.s
-Renal aa.s divide into segmental aa.s which enter the hilum
-Segmental aa.s divide into interlobar aa.s within the renal sinus which then travel through the renal columns
Term
blood supply to kidneys:
Veins
Definition
-Trace the aa. pathway backwards
-EXCEPT there are no segmental veins
-Interlobar vv.s drain into renal vv.s which dump into the inferior vena cava
Term
nervous supply to kidneys
Definition
-Provided by the renal plexus
~Autonomic fibers and ganglia
-Sympathetic fibers control the diameters of renal aa.s and influence urine-formation function
Term
kidneys - micrscopic anatomy
Definition
-nephron
-produces urine by
~filtration
~reabsoption
~secretion
Term
Kidneys – Microscopic Anatomy:
nephron
Definition
-structural and functional unit of the kidney
~Crowded together in kidney
~Surrounded by loose CT (interstitial CT)
Term
kidneys- microscopic anatomy:
filtration
Definition
blood filtrate enters nephron from capillaries
Term
kidneys - microscopic anatomy
reabsorption
Definition
nutrients, water, ions are returned to blood vessels
Term
kidneys - microscopic anatomy
secretion
Definition
undesired substances move from blood to urine
Term
nephron
Definition
-Two parts
~Renal corpuscle
~Renal tubule
Term
Nephron:
Renal Corpuscle (filtration)
Definition
-Located in cortex
-Glomerulus: “ball” of capillaries w/ many pores
~Surrounded by glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule), with capsular space
~Has filtration membrane: filterbetween blood and capsular space
Term
nephron:
renal tubule
Definition
-Proximal Convuluted tubule
~Located in renal cortex
~Have microvilli to help resorb ions, water and solutes
-Nephron loop (extends into medulla)
~Descending limb
*Thin segment (narrowest part of nephron)
-Ascending limb
~Portion of thin segment
~Thick segment
Term
nephron:
nephron tubule
Definition
-Distal convoluted tubule
-Collecting ducts
-These two structures together conserve body fluids. ADH increases their permeability and water is resorbed by surrounding structures.
Term
nephron tubule:
distal convoluted tubule
Definition
-Located in renal cortex
-Performs some reabsorption and secretion
Term
nephron:
collecting ducts
Definition
-Receives urine from several nephrons
-Goes through cortex into deep medulla eventually empty into minor calices
Term
nephron classes (divided based on location)
Definition
-cortical
-juxtamedullary
Term
nephron class:
Cortical
Definition
-located mostly in cortex (loop of henle extends into medulla)
-85% of the kidneys nephrons
Term
nephron classes:
Juxtamedullary
Definition
-Renal corpuscles are located at cortex-medulla border; have long loops of Henle
-Remaining 15% which allow for production of concentrated urine
Term
ureters
Definition
-One per kidney
-Carry urine from kidneys to bladder
-Begins as a continuation of the renal pelvis and runs retroperitoneally through abdomen and enters pelvis to get to bladder
-Enters bladder obliquely (prevents backflow)
Term
ureters layers
Definition
-mucosa
-muscularis
-adventitia
Term
ureters layers:
mucosa
Definition
transitional epithelium and lamina propria
Term
ureters layers:
Muscularis
Definition
inner longitudinal and outer circular layer
Term
ureters layer:
Adventitia
Definition
connective tissue
Term
how the ureters bring urine to the bladder
Definition
-Distention causes contraction (peristaltic waves)
~Urine doesn’t reach the bladder just by gravity
Term
urinary bladder
Definition
-Collapsible, distensible, and muscular sac
-Stores and eliminates urine
Term
urinary bladder location
Definition
-Inferior to peritoneal cavity, posterior to public symphysis
~Males: anterior to rectum
~Females: anterior to vagina and uterus
Term
urinary bladder layers
Definition
-Transitional epithelium and lamina propria
-Muscular layer (detrusor mm)
-Adventia
Term
urinary bladder storage amount
Definition
Full bladder holds ~1 pint of urine
Term
Urethra
Definition
-Thin-walled tube, drains urine from bladder out of body
-Composed of smooth muscle and inner layer of mucosa
-Internal urethral sphincter
-External urethral sphincter
-The female urethra is much shorter than the male urethra
Term
Urethra:
Internal urethral sphincter
Definition
located between bladder and urethra, involuntary control
Term
urethra:
External urethral sphincter
Definition
located at distal end of urethra, voluntary control
Term
Micturition
Definition
-Emptying the bladder
-Detrusor muscle contracts, assisted by abdominal wall muscles
-Controlled by brain
~Urine accumulates, bladder wall stretches and activates stretch receptors, sensory signals sent to pons, parasympathetic neurons signal detrusor muscle to contract
-incontinence
Term
Micturition:
Incontinence
Definition
inability to control micturition
Term
Blood > renal corpuscle > proximal convoluted tubule > loop of Henle > distal convoluted tuble > collecting tubule (duct) > papillary duct > minor calyx > major calyx > renal pelvis > ureter > bladder > urethra > micturition
Definition
Blood > renal corpuscle > proximal convoluted tubule > loop of Henle > distal convoluted tuble > collecting tubule (duct) > papillary duct > minor calyx > major calyx > renal pelvis > ureter > bladder > urethra > micturition
Term
disorders of urinary system
Definition
-Renal calculi (kidney stones)
-Pyelitis
-Pyelonephritis
-Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
Term
Urinary system disorders:
Renal Calculi (kidney stones)
Definition
-minerals in urine crystallize
-most can pass, but some become too big adn obstruct a ureter
Term
Urinary system disorders:
pyelitis
Definition
infection of renal pelvis and calices
Term
urinary system disorders:
pyelonephritis
Definition
infection of entire kidney
Term
urinary system disorders:
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
Definition
–genetic disorder
~cysts (fluid-filled sacs) form and enlarger
~no obvious symptoms until age 30-40
Supporting users have an ad free experience!