Term
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Definition
-extends from mouth to anus
-is a continuoustube about30 feet long
-includes oral cavity, pharynx esophagus, stomach, small instestine, and large instestine
-it usually takes about 24-48hours for food to travel the entire length of teh GI tract |
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Term
| acessory organs (connected by ducts) |
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Definition
| include teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
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Definition
| taking food into the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
chewing (grinds up food and mixes it with saliva)
-occurs in mouth |
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Definition
swallowing food (moves it from mouth to pharynx to esophagus)
-voluntary |
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Definition
-rythmic, wave-like contractions that move food through the GI tract
-involuntary |
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Definition
mechanical and chemical breakdown of food material to prepare it for absorption
-segmentation |
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Definition
| local, rythmic contractions of small instestine |
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Definition
| passage of molecules of food through mucous membranes of small intestine adn into blood or lymph for distribution to cells |
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Definition
| discharge of indigestible wastes from GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
serous membrane of abdominopelvic cavity
-visceral peritoneum
-parietal peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
| covers external organ surfaces, is continuous with parietal peritoneum |
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Definition
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Definition
| space in between visceral and perietal peritoneum, contains serous fluid |
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Definition
| double layer of peritoneum that holds organs in place, stores fat, allows blood vessels and nerves to get to organs in peritoneal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
-mucous membrance with 3 sub-layers
-epithelial lining
-lamina propria
-muscularis mucosae |
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Definition
| CT layer with lots of blood vessels adn nerve fibers |
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Definition
| -2 layers, inner circular, outer longitudinal |
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Definition
| is the visceral periitoneum |
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Term
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Definition
| revieve signals from sympathetic, parasympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
guts own system
-controls paristalsis, segmentation (ANS speeds or slows it) |
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Term
| food enters the mouth and mastication takes places, aided by saliva |
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Definition
| food enters the mouth and mastication takes places, aided by saliva |
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Definition
| area between teeth adn cheeks |
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Definition
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Term
Alimentary canal:
mouth organs |
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Definition
| vestibule, oral cavity proper, lips, tongue, cheeks, palate |
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Term
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Definition
-moves food around and mixes it with saliva to form a BOLUS(during mastication), aids in speech production
-skeletal muscle covered with mucous membrane
-anterior 2/3 of tongue is in oral cavity, posterior 1/3 located in pharynx(attached to hyoid bone)
-bumps on anterior 2/3 of the tongue are called papilae (somecantain taste buds) posterior 1/3 has tonsils |
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Term
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Definition
-designed to handle different types of foods in different ways
~incisors
~canines
~pre molars and molars
-deciduous teeth
-permanent
-wisdom teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 pairs(2 up 2 lower)of most anterior teeth, adapted to cut and shear food |
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Term
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Definition
| 2pairs in anterior corners of mouth, reposonsible for holding, tearing and piercing |
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Term
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Definition
| located behind canines, grinding is the function |
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Term
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Definition
| first set of teeth (denitition)develops in humans at aroudn 6 months- there are 20 of them that all erupt by about age 2.5 |
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Term
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Definition
| replave deciduous teeth, beginning around age 6 and ending at the end of adolescence |
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Term
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Definition
| third set of molars- can erupt, can stay put, can erupt sideways, etc. |
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Term
| why are wisdom teeth called wisdom teeth? |
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Definition
| because they emerge by about ages 17-25, and you are supppose to aquire some wisdom by this point |
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Definition
-has digestive function in addition to respiratory function
-has three regions
-muscle contract to aid in swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
-nasopharynx- posterior to ansal cavity (NOT involved in digestion)
-oropharynx- posterior to oral cavity
-laryngopharynx-at level of larynx |
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Term
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Definition
-collaspible muscular tube, about 10inch long
-esophageal hiatus
-superior 1/3 contains skeletal muscle, middle 1/3 contains both skeletal and smooth muscle inferior 1/3 contains only smooth muscle
-cardiac sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
| open in the diaphram where the esophagus passes though |
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Term
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Definition
| is at junction of esophagus and stomach- is supposed to contract after food/fluid passes (sometimes allows acid back through, causes heartburn) |
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Term
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Definition
| upper left side of abdomen, just below diaphram |
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Term
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Definition
-j~shaped when empty
-can be considered a holding tank for food(1 gallon!)
-internal surface has rugea (mucosal folds)
-food gets churned up with gastric secretions to make chyme (pasty material)
-stomach is divided into 4 regions
~cardia
~fundus
~body
~pylorus
*pyloric sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow upper region just below esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| dome-shaped portion to the left of and in direct contact with the diaphram |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| funnel-shaped terminal portion |
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Term
pylorus:
pyloric sphincter |
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Definition
| gateskeeper to small intestine-regulates movement, stops back flow |
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Term
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Definition
-the body's major digestive organ and absoroption takes place
-is postioned in lower abs, supported by mesentary(permits movement but not twisting)
-is about 12 ft long (longest part of alimentary canal)
-called small intestine becuase it is smaller in diameter than large intestine
-three regions:
~duodenum
~jejunum
~ileum |
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Term
small intestine regions:
Duodenum |
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Definition
-5%
-most located retroperitoneal
-is about the first foot in length
-recieves bile secretions from liver and gall bladder here and pancreatic secretions |
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Term
small instestine regions:
Jejunum |
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Definition
-40%
-is the second three feet
-superior left portion |
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Term
small intestine regions:
Ileum |
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Definition
-60%
-final 6-7 feet
-inferior right portion |
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Term
| small intestine absorption |
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Definition
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Term
small insteine absorption:
circular folds |
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Definition
| -forces chyme to spiral through the intestinal lumen (slows movement) |
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Term
small intestine absorption:
Villi |
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Definition
-specialized structures in small instestine, finger-like projections that extend into lumen of small intestine
~they are covered with simple columnar epithelial cells
-they contain several capillaries, lymphocytes, and the lacteals (fat absorptions) |
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Term
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Definition
-5 feet long(1.5m) and has little or no digestive function
-frames the small intestine on 3.5 sides
-chyme moves about 1inch per minute
-remains for approx. 12-24 hrs in large intestine
-its main function is to absorb H2O and electrolytes
-secondary functions are to form, store, and expel feces from teh body
-special features of lrg int.
~teniae coli
~haustra
~epiploic appendages
-cecum
-accending colon
-transverse colon
-descending colon
-sigmoid colon
-rectum
-anal canal/sphincters |
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Term
large intestine special features:
teniae coli |
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Definition
| 3 longitudinal strips at equal intervals around cecum and colon |
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Term
large intestine special features:
haustra |
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Definition
| bulges in large intestines, fill up with material and then are stimulated to churn |
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Term
large intestine special features:
epiploic appendages |
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Definition
| fat-filled pouchs of visceral peritoneum (unkown function) |
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Term
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Definition
-lower right side of body, sac like
-valve btw small and large intestine is ileocecal valve
-has (vermiform) appendix attached to it
~appendex has lymph tissue that may help resist infection |
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Term
large intestine:
ascending colon |
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Definition
-extends from cecum to live
-flexure |
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Term
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Definition
| bend in colon (one on right side is called hepatic (aka right colic), one on left side is splenic (aka left colic)) |
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Term
large intestine:
transverse colon |
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Definition
| travels across from right to left side |
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Term
large intestine:
descending colon |
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Definition
| travels from splenix flexure to pelvic region |
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Term
large intestine:
sigmoid colon |
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Definition
| point where colon angles medially from brim of pelvis, form and S-shaped bend |
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Term
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Definition
| last 7-8inches of GI tract (fully lined with muscle, no teniae coli) |
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Term
large intestine:
anal canal/sphincters |
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Definition
-last 2-3cm of rectum is anal canal
-anus
~internal anal sphincter
~external anal sphincter |
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Term
anal canal/sphincter:
anus |
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Definition
external opening of anal canal
-has 2 sphincters
~external and internal |
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Term
anal canal/sphincter:
internal anal sphincter |
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Definition
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Term
anal canal/sphincter:
external anal sphincter |
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Definition
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Term
accessory organs:
salivary glands |
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Definition
-accessory digestive glands that produce saliva
~saliva
~contains digestive enzymes and lubricating mucus
~is secreted continuously in small amounts to keep oral cavity moist
-there are many minor salivary glands(intrinsic glands keep mouth moist), but most of the digestive saliva is secreted by 3 sets of extrinsic salivary glands
-parotid
-submandibular
-sublingual |
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Term
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Definition
| a solvent for cleaning teeth and disolving food molecules(helps form bolus) |
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Term
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Definition
| largest, located near auricle of ear |
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Term
salivary glands:
submadibular |
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Definition
| inferior/anterior to the body of the mandible |
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Term
salivary glands:
sublingual |
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Definition
| floor to mouth, inferior to tongue |
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Term
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Definition
-largest gland in the organ (3lbs)
-lies inferior to diaphragm in right superior portion of abdominal cavity, base faces right and apex faces left
-has right and left lobes, sperated by falciform ligament(anterior) and fissure(posterinferior)
-has a quadrate and caudate lobes (visceral)
-microscopic anatomy
-liver performs many functions, but digestive purpose is production of bile, which breaks up fat
~bilirubin |
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Term
liver:
microscopic anatomy |
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Definition
| liver lobules are plates of hepatocytes, shaped like hexagons |
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Term
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Definition
| is produced from breaking down RBCs- found in bile |
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Term
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Definition
-muscular sac located on posterinferior surface of liver
-stores bile; cystiic duct(from gbladder) joins common hepatic duct (from liver) to form bile duct (common bile duct)
-bile processes fat
~too much cholesterol or too few bile salts cause gallstones, which plug cystic duct |
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Term
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Definition
-Retroperitoneal, shaped like tadpole (head lies near duodenum, tail near spleen)
-Main pancreatic duct joins hepatic duct, empties into duodenum
-Endocrine and exocrine function in pancreas
-Exocrine function is to produce enzymes that work in small intestine
~Acinar cells make pancreatic enzymes |
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Term
| Disorder of the digestive system |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the liver (flu symptons, jaundice) |
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Term
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Definition
| acute infection, no long term damage |
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Term
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Definition
-transmission of infected blood or body fluids, OR from mother to newborn at birth
–people usually recover but condition can become chronic problem |
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Term
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Definition
| transmitted similarly to B, no short-term symptoms; many people don’t know they’re infected for a while |
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