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2130, Lab exam I
Lab 29, blood
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/08/2007

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Term
Plasma (blood)
Definition
nonliving fluid matrix
Term
formed elements
Definition
living cells suspended in blood plasma
Term
erythrocytes
Definition
RBCs, 4-6 million in a cubed mm of blood, transport O2 and help transport CO2. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of the oxygen carried in the blood. Biconcave, anucleate disc; salmon colored, diameter 7-8 micrometers. development:5-7 days, lifespan: 100-120 days.
Term
leukocytes
Definition
WBCs, spherical, nucleated cells. 4,800-10,800 cells/mm^3 of blood
Term
granulocytes
Definition
leukocytes with cytoplasmic granules: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.Neu
Term
Neutrophil
Definition
most abundant of WBCs. has 3-7 lobes in the nucleus. multilobed nucleus, inconspicuous cytoplasmic granules; diameter 10-12micrometers. 3-7thousand cells/mm^3. development: 6-9days, lifespan: 6hrs-a few days, phagocytizes bacteria
Term
Eosinophils
Definition
2-4% of leukocyte population. nucleus bilobed; red cytoplasmic granules; diameter 10-14micrometers, 100-400 cells/mm^3 of blood. Development takes 6-9 days, and lifespan is 8-12 days. Kills parasitic worms; destroys antigen-antibody complexes; inactivates some inflammatory chemicals of allergy
Term
Basophil
Definition
least abundant leukocyte. Contains histamine. Nucleus lobed; large blue-purple cytoplasmic granules; diameter 8-10 micrometers. 20-50/mm^3 of blood. development is 3-7 days, lifespan is a few hours to a few days. Realeases histamine and other mediators of inflammation; contains heparin, an anticoagulant
Term
agranulocytes
Definition
leukocytes without cytoplasmic granules: lymphocytes and monocytes. More abundant in lymphoid tissues.
Term
lymphoctye
Definition
Nucleus spherical or indented; pale blue cytoplasm; diameter 5-17 micrometers, 1,500-3,000/mm^3 of blood. development: days to weeks, lifespan: hours to years. Mounts immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies
Term
Monocyte
Definition
largest leukocyte. 3-8% of population. Nucleus U or kidney shaped; gray-blue cytoplasm; diameter 14-24 micrometers. 100-700/mm^3 of blood. development: 2-3 days; lifespan: months. Phagocytosis; develops into macrophages in tissues.
Term
platelets
Definition
discoid cytoplasmic fragments containing granules; stain deep purple; diameter 2-4 micrometers. 150-400 thousand/mm^3 of blood. develops in 4-5 days, lives 5-10 days. Seals small tears in blood vessels; instrumental in blood clotting
Term
make a blood smear
Definition
drop blood on slide, take another slide and dip it on the side of the drop towards the longer end of the first slide, then slide it down, dragging, not pushing the blood with it.
Term
diapedesis
Definition
ability to move in and out of plood vessels
Term
B lymphocytes
Definition
oversees the production of antibodies that are realeased to blood
Term
T lymphocytes
Definition
plays a regulatory rol and destroys grafts, tumors, and virus-infected cells. 25% or more of the WBC population.
Term
megakaryocytes
Definition
large multinucleate cells formed in the bone marrow (which fragment into platelets)
Term
Leukocytosis
Definition
high WBC count: may indicated bacterial or viral infection, metabolic disease, hemorrhage, or poisoning by drugs or chemicals.
Term
leukopenia
Definition
decrease in WBC count to <4000/mm^3: may indicate typhoid fever, measles, infectious hepatitis or cirrhosis, tuberculosis, or excessive antibiotic or X-ray therapy.
Term
leukemia
Definition
malignant disorder of the lymphoid tissues characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal WBCs and a reduction of RBCs and platelets.
Term
polycythemia
Definition
increase in RBCs: may result from bone marrow cancer or from living at high altitudes where less oxygen is available.
Term
anemia
Definition
decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood that may result from a decrease in RBC number or size or a decreased hemoglobin content of the RBCs
Term
differential white blood cell count
Definition
tests the percentages of a blood sample against the average Joe. Helps determine if there's a problem in the numbers and the person's health.
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
packed cell volume (PCV): routinely determined when anemia is suspected. Centrifuging whole blood spins the formed elements to the bottom of the tube, with plasm forming the top layer.
Term
tallquist method
Definition
technique to extimate the hemoglobin content of blood. Involves matching colors.
Term
sedimentation rate
Definition
the speed at which RBCs settle to the bottom of a vertical tube when allowed to stand. normal: 0-6mm/hr. Three stages: rouleaux formation, rapid settling, and final packing.
Term
rouleaux formation
Definition
alignment of RBCs like a stack of pennies, doesn't occur with abnormally-shaped RBCs.
Term
bleeding time
Definition
how long bleeding lasts: tests the ability of platelets to stop bleeding in capillaries and small vessels.
Term
coagulation
Definition
blood clotting: a protective mechanism that minmized blood loss when blood vessels are ruptured, requires the interaction of many substances normally present in the plasma and some realesed by platelets and injured tissues.
Term
TF
Definition
Tissue facor, triggers (w/ PF3) the clotting mechanism or cascade, interacts with other blood protein clotting factors and calcium ions to form prothrombin activators.. and eventually a clot.
Term
PF3
Definition
acts with TF to spur clot forming
Term
prothrombin activator
Definition
converts prothrombin to thromin
Term
thrombin
Definition
acts enzymatically to polymerize the soluble fibrinogen proteins in plasm to insoluble fibrin: clot forming...
Term
fibrinogen
Definition
liquid fibers in plasma ready to help form clots
Term
fibrin:
Definition
forms a meshwork of strands that traps the RBCs and forms the basis of the clot.
Term
antigens
Definition
agglutinogens: specific glycoproteins on the outer surface of the RBC plasma membrane. genetically determined
Term
antibodies
Definition
agglutinins: accompany antigens, plasma proteins that react with RBCs bearing different antigens, causing them to be clumped, agglutinated, and eventually hemolyzed.
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