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2130, lab exam 1
ex. 30, anatomy of the heart
34
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/09/2007

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Term
cardiovascular system
Definition
carries O2, digested foods, cell wastes, electrolytes, and many other sustances.
Term
Heart
Definition
cone-shaped, located in the mediastinum
Term
apex
Definition
pointed end of the heart, extends slightly to the left and rests on the diaphragm
Term
base
Definition
broad side of the heart from which the great vessels emerge.
Term
visceral pericardium
Definition
epicardium, thin, closely applied to the heart muscle
Term
parietal pericardium
Definition
outer, loosely applied. attached at the heart apex to the diaphragm, produce serous fluid which allows the heart to beat in a relatively frictionless environment.
Term
fibrous pericardium
Definition
composed of dense connective tissue, outside of the perietal pericardium
Term
pericarditis
Definition
inflammation of the pericardium, causes painful adhesions between the srous pericardial layers, interferes with heart movements
Term
myocardium
Definition
cardiac muscle
Term
atria
Definition
the two superior chambers of the heart
Term
ventricles
Definition
lower chambers of the heart
Term
enocardium
Definition
serous endothelium which lines the chambers of the heart
Term
interatrial/interventricular septum
Definition
the septum that divides the heart longitudinally
Term
superior and inferior venae cavae
Definition
the large veins that feed the right atrium
Term
pulmonary veins
Definition
there are four, which deliver oxygen rich blood to the left atrium
Term
pulmonary trunk
Definition
that which carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Term
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
Definition
four valves which enforce one-way blood flow through the heart chambers
Term
bicuspid valve
Definition
lefter atrioventricular valve, aka mitral valve, has two flaps of endocardium
Term
tricuspid valve
Definition
right atrioventricular valve
Term
chordae tendinae
Definition
tiny white collagenic cords which anchor the cusps to the ventricular walls
Term
papillary muscles
Definition
small bundles of cardiac muscle that project from the myocardial wall
Term
diastole
Definition
the period of ventricular filling
Term
pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Definition
a second set of valves, composed of three pocketlike cusps, which guard the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricluar chambers.
Term
pulmonary circulation
Definition
the job of the right side of the heart, getting the O2-poor blood to the lungs for a refill.
Term
systemic circulation
Definition
Left side of the heart, carries O2-rich blood fromt he left heart through the body tissues and back to the right heart.
Term
coronary arteries
Definition
start from the bast of the aorta just about the aoritic semilunar valve and encircle the heart
Term
atrioventricular groove
Definition
where the coronoary arteries encircle, at the junction of the atria and ventricles.
Term
great, middle, and small cardiac veins
Definition
veins that serve the heart and empty into the coronary sinus, which empties into the right atrium
Term
intercalated discs
Definition
where the myocardium cells interdigitate, which provides a continuity to cardiac muscle not seen in other muscle tissues and allows close coordination of heart activity.
Term
auricles
Definition
earlike flaps of tissue projectiong from the atrial chambers
Term
ligamentum arteriosum
Definition
a cordlike remnant of the ductus artiosus
Term
ductus arteriosus
Definition
allows blood to pass directly fromt he pulmonary trunk to the aorta in the fetus to bypass the non-functional fetal lungs.
Term
fossa ovalis
Definition
an oval depression in the interatrial septum, the site of an opening in the fetal heart the foramen ovale.
Term
trabeculae carneae
Definition
pits and ridges of the inner ventricular muscle
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