Term
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Definition
Superior border: Superior thoracic aperture
Inferior border: Diaphragm
Anterior border: Sternum
Posterior border: Thoracic vertebral bodies |
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Term
| Thoracic cavity compartments |
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Definition
1. Left and right pulmonary cavities: contains lungs, pleura, and tracheobronchal tree.
2. Mediastinal compartment: heart great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Costal
2. Mediastinal
3. Diaphragmatic |
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Term
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Definition
| Conducts air from the mouth to the lungs. Humidifies and warms air as it moves down. Starts below the larynx. Consists of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchopulmonary segments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Larger and heavier than left. Also shorter and wider. |
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Term
| Right lung lobes and fissures |
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Definition
From superior to inferior
1. Superior lobe
2. Horizontal fissure
3. Middle lobe
4. Oblique fissure
5. Inferior lobe |
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Term
| Left lung lobes and fissures |
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Definition
From superior to inferior
1. Superior lobe
2. Oblique fissure
3. Inferior lobe |
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Term
| Number of pulmonary arteries and veins in lung |
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Definition
| Each lung as 2 pulmonary veins bringing oxygenated blood back to left ventricle and 1 pulmonary artery bringing deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the lung. |
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Term
| Diaphragmatic surface of right lung |
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Definition
| More concave due to liver, pushes right lung to be shorter and wider. |
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Term
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Definition
In mediastinal surface
Contains:
1. Pleural sleeve: encloses hilum, transition between visceral and parietal pleura.
2. Pulmonary ligament, where visceral and parietal pleura come together.
3. Pulmonary artery (most superior vessel)
4. Pulmonary veins (most anterior and inferior)
5. Bronchus (most posterior) |
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Term
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Definition
| Found on left lung, aorta veers to the left side slightly, makes protrusion into left lung posterior to the hilum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Heart lies to the left, makes impression on left lung anterior to the hilum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indentation of the anterior border of the superior lobe of the left lung due to the leftward tilt of the heart. Creates the lingula. |
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Term
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Definition
| Created by the cardiac notch. Tongue like protrusion that is found in the anterior, inferior portion of the superior lobe of the left lung. |
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Term
| Left lung mediastinal landmarks |
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Definition
1. Aortic impression
2. Cardiac impression
3. Cardiac notch
4. Lingula |
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Term
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Definition
1. Has C shaped cartilage, posterior is soft tissue.
2. Carina is division of the trachea into two main bronchi branches around T4
3. Part of the mediastinum |
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Term
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Definition
Right bronchi runs wider, shorter, and more vertical, inhaled objects go into right bronchi.
Also has left bronchi. |
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Term
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Definition
| Branches off from main bronchi, go to lobes of lung. 2 lobar branches go to left lung, 3 to the right. |
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Term
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Definition
| Supplies air to bronchopulmonary segment of lung. |
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Term
| Sequence of branching in tracheobronchial tree |
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Definition
| Trachea->main bronchi-> lobar branches-> segmental branches |
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Term
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Definition
| Largest subdivisions of the lung lobe. Pyramidal segment divided by connective tissue septa. Apex of the pyramid points toward the hilum. 10 in right lung, 8-10 in left lung. Samllest surgically resectable area. |
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Term
| Bronchopulmonary segment components |
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Definition
| Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the branchopulmonary segment. Pulmonary arteries and brnochi are associated with each other and divide in the same way (lobar->segmental). Pulmonary veins run independently between branchopulmonary segments (intersegmental veins, drain more than one bronchopulmonary segment at one time), bring oxygenated blood to the left ventricle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Obstruction of pulmonary artery (blood clot or air bubble), causes obstruction of blood flow to the lung. Decreases oxygen content of the blood and causes the right side of the heart to dilate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Medium sized pulmonary embolism where the blocked branchopulmonary segment necrotizes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Supply blood to the hilum structures. 2 left bronchial arteries , 1 right bronchial artery. Branch from aorta. |
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Term
| Pulmonary lymphatic plexus |
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Definition
Have superficial and deep plexus.
1. Superficial plexus drains lung tissue itself, dumps lymph into bronchopulmonary nodes.
2. Deep plexus drains the hilum, dump into the pulmonary nodes.
Both nodes dump into the tracheobronchal nodes around carina, which in turn dump into the bronchomediastinal nodes then to venous system. |
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Term
| Purpose of serous parietal fluid |
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Definition
1. Provides a frictionless surface for the lungs to expand.
2. Establishes surface tension that facilitates lung expansion. |
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Term
| Parietal pleura components |
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Definition
1. Cervical
2. Costal
3. Mediastinal
4. Diaphragmatic |
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Term
| Pulmonary cavity surface markings |
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Definition
Anterior, from medial to lateral
1. Parasternal line
2. Mid clavicular line
3. Axillary line
Posterior, from lateral to medial
4. Scapular line
5. Paravertebral line |
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Term
| Oblique fissure location in pulmonary cavity |
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Definition
| Level of T2 vertebrae (posterior) and 6th costal cartilage (anterior) |
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Term
| Horizontal fissure location in the pleural cavity |
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Definition
| Located at the oblique fissure along 4th rib anteriorly. |
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Term
| Recesses between lung and pleural cavity |
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Definition
1. Costodiaphragmatic recess
2. Costomediastinal recess |
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Term
| Types of collapsed lung (pleural effusion) |
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Definition
1. Pneumothorax (air in thorax)
2. Hydrothorax (water in thorax)
3. Hemothorax (blood in thorax) |
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Term
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Definition
Lung collapses, distension not retained. Lung occupies less space in pleural cavity.
Pulmonary cavity size does not increase during inspiration.
Elevation of the diaphragm is restricted. |
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Term
| Innervation of parietal pleura |
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Definition
1. Intercostal nerves
2. Phrenic nerves |
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