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20th Century first test
Early 20th century
42
History
Undergraduate 4
02/02/2014

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Cards

Term



Expressionism

Definition

-Modernist Movment

-Initially in poetry and painting

-Originating in Germany

-Inner feelings are expressed more then outter (Express meaning or Emotional experience rather then physical reality)

 

Term

 

Futurism

Definition

-Artistic and Social movemant

-Originated in Italy

-Anarcist movement

 

Term
Neoclassicism
Definition

-Drawing inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome

-Rejection of the "Romantic Ideal": Irraltionality, Excess emotion, Yearning, Nationalism, Individualism

 

Term

 

 

12-tone system

Definition

-Deceloped by Schoenberg

-Technique of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are sounded.

-12-tone Row was used to help

 

Term



2nd Viennese School

Definition

-School of thought

-Group of composers 

-Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils

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Term

 

 

Klangfarbenmelodie

Definition

-Musical Technique involves splitting a musical line or melody between several instruments

-Not just in one instrument or group thus adding color and texture to the melodic line

Term



rotational form

Definition
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Term



vernacular musics

Definition
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Term
Impressionism
Definition

-Art movement that originated with a group of Paris-based artists

-Traditional lines and boundaries are obscured

-Deliberate avoidance of traditional abstract formes(e.g. Sonata, Rondo, etc.)

Use of exotic scales and effects to creat dream like imagery.

Term



ragtime

Definition

-Syncopated

-Dance music in the red-light district in African American communities in the South.

-Mainly writen for the piano

 

Term

 

exoticism

Definition

-exoticism is a genre in which the rhythms, melodies, or instrumentation are designed to evoke the atmosphere of far-off lands or ancient times

-Influenced by some ethnich groups or civilizations

-Draw inspiration from a forein culture (appropriation)


Term

 

primitivism

Definition

-Borrows forms from non-Western or prehistoric peoples

-Draw inspiration from one's native cultural heritage

Term



hexachord

Definition

-Six-note series

-Can be exhibited in a scale or tone row

Term



Sprechstimme

Definition

-German speak-singing

-Operatic Recitative manner of singing

Term



teleological genesis

Definition
Term

 

Symbolism

Definition

-Use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities

 -Reaction against the Romantic Ideal

-Dreamlike Ethos

-Revolution against "rules" - Blank Verse

-Impression of a thing rather then the thing itself

-Mallanme: "sing of the nothing" Truth in it.

-Suggest felling not said out right

-Senses= poetry and music are the same thing

-Belief in synaethesia

Term



Hauptstimme

Definition

-Main part

[image]

Term



theosophy

Definition

-Systems of esoteric philosophy concerning, or inverstigation seeking direct knowledge of, presumed mysteries of being and nature, particularly concerning the nature of divinity.

 

Term



avant-garde

Definition
-Term used to characterize music which is thought by critics to be ahead of its time.
Term



collage technique

Definition
Term



the “mystic chord”

Definition

-A six-note synthetic chord and its associated scale or pitch collection

-this chord serves as the loose harmonic and melodic bass.

-Used by Alexander Scriabin

Term



polytonality

Definition

-Use of more than one key simultaneously

-Bitonality is the use of only two different key at the same time

-Polyvalence is the use of more then one harmonic function

Term



cumulative form

Definition
Term
Claude Debussy
Definition

-Symbolist and Impressionist

-Symbolist poetry inspired many works

-Art songs set to these poems

-Symbolist tenets in music: Dreamlike Ethose, Broke the "rules" of musical grammer and syntax, Programmatic nature of music implies the "Impression" of the Thing-almost"Sing of the nothing"

 

Term



hook

Definition

-Musical Catch

-A short riff, passage, or phrase

 

Term



post-tonal

Definition
-Pierod after the 19th century
Term

 

synaesthesia

Definition

-A neurological phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involutary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

-Alexander Scriabin suffered from it.

Term



Tin Pan Alley

Definition

-Collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters.

-In summer could hear the piano's being played.

-Used song pluggers

Term



neotonality

Definition
-Inclusive term referring to musical compositions in which the tonality of the commonpractice period replaced by one or several nontraditional tonal concepteions, such as tonal assertion or contrpuntal motion around a central chord.
Term



Nebenstimme

Definition

-Accompanying voice

[image]

Term



Weltschmertz 

Definition
-Coined by the German author Jean Paul Richter and denotes the kind of feeling expreienced by someone who understands that physical reality can never satisfy the demands of the mind.
Term



song plugger

Definition
-Vocalist or piano player employed by department and music stores and song publishers in the early 20th century to promote and help sell new sheet music, which is how hits were advertised.
Term

 

Sergei Diaghilev

Definition

-Founder of the Ballets Russes

-Impresario

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Term



George Antheil

Definition

-American avant-garde composer, pianist, author and inventor whose modernist musical compositions explored the modern sounds.

-Composed for movies and ecentually films.

Term



Ralph Vaughan Williams

Definition
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Term
Arnold Schoenberg
Definition

-Austrian-Viennese

-Self-Taught in composition: Ardent Student, Learnd by studying Scores

-Mentored by Zemlinsky and Mahler

-Important composer, Theorist and teacher

-Two important style periods: Before 1907-Late Romantic influenced by Brahms, Wagner and Strauss

-1907-1921: Free Chromaticism ("atonal") Most important works between 1907 and 1913, 1913-1921 Period of experimentation and formulation.

-1921-1949: 12 tone: Developed system or row

-With Expressionism

 

Term
Pierrot
Definition

-A Major Expressionist icon

-"Moondrunk"- Made temporarily insane by the moon.

-Does not get the girl and bad things seem to follow

Term
Wasily Kandinsky
Definition

-Father of Expressionism and abstract art

-Wrote Concerning the Spiritual in Art

-Published Der Blaue Reiter- the Expressionist Almanac

-Expressionism Trates: Reality is what's inside, not in the appearance

-Eroticism and neurosis to the point of sickness

-People are helpless victims of their own inner urges

Term
Richard Strauss
Definition

-New German School's "heir apprent"

-Tone poems immediantely in standared repertoire

-Saw himself as both Beethoven's and Wagner's "true Successor"

-Obsessed with his own biography

-Considered the more original by Schoenberg

-Salome

Term
Igor Stravinsky 
Definition

-One of the most important Composers of his time

-Sudied with Rimsky-Korsakov

-Reinvented what he said about his music every 10 years

-Best loved workd from his "Russian Period"

-Prinitive style: Ostinato Figures, Juxtaposed blocks interrupt on another, But "Continue" in the background, Polychords, Experimental Orchestral effects, "Dry" orchestral articulations, Emotional objectivity

Term
Erik Satie
Definition

-First composer to identify himself as an Impressionist

-Harmonic notions inspired Debussy and Revel: especially unrsolved 7th and 9th chords

-Eccentric: did everything with satire and wit.

-Intentionally on the "Simple" side

-Experimental with musical elements (barlines, form, keys, Etc.)

-Inspired by populat music, as well as modern art.

 

Term
Luigi Russolo
Definition

-Futurist most philosophically importsnt to music

-1913: published the Futurists' Musical Manifesto: The Art of Noises

-"music intoners": the first music-making machines (early synthesizers)

-Music included elements of chance 

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