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1: Nervous Tissue
N/A
43
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
03/07/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

CNS

 

PNS

Definition

brain and spinal cord

 

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

Term

Afferents

 

Efferents

Definition

sensory neurons are also called...

 

motor neurons also called...

Term
Motor components effect...
Definition

skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle

glands

Term
2 Parts of motor system
Definition

Somatic system: effects skeletal/voluntary muscles

 

Autonomic system: cardiac and smooth muscle, glands

 

are part of...

Term
[image]
Definition

1. cell body

2. dendrites

3. axon hillock

4. axon

5. synaptic terminal

Term
Unipolar neurons are specialized for...
Definition
neurons carrying info from the skin (are sensory neurns in PNS); are characteristically...
Term
Bipolar neurons are specialized for...
Definition

sight, smell, and hearing neurons are characteristically...

Term
Multipolar neurons are motor neurons of the...
fcn:
Definition
motor neurons of the CNS and PNS, and fcn as interneurons; are characteristically...
Term
Sensory afferent neurons
Receptors for:
Cell bodies in
Central process carries:
Definition

Receptors for touch, pressure, pain, vision, hearing, balance, taste and smells

Cell bodies in posterior ganglion root

Central process carries sensation to CNS


what kind of neuron?

Term
Motor efferent neurons
Cell bodies in:
Axons carry:
Definition

Cell bodies in: CNS

Axons carry: impulses from muscles and glands


what kind of neuron?

Term
Interneurons = "association neurons"
Recieve:
Facilitate communication b/t:
Definition

Recieve: impulses from sensory neurons and decide what to do w/ it

Facilitate comm b/t:  sensory and motor neurons

what kind of neuron?

Term
Motor neurons
Definition
[image]
Term
Glial Cells / Neuroglia
Found in:
Size compared to neurons:
Cell division?
Fcn:
Number compared to neurons:
Definition
Found in: CNS and PNS
Size compared to neurons: Smaller
Cell division? YES
Fcn: protect, nourish, and provide support for neurons
Number compared to neurons: MORE
Term
Four types of glial cells in CNS
Definition
astrocytes - no axon; rare
ependymal cells - one axon; are SENSORY neurons in the PNS
microglia - one axon, one dendrite; are specialized for SIGHT, SMELL, and HEARING
oligodendrocytes - one axon, many dendrites; are MOTOR NEURONS of CNS and PNS and are very common in CNS
Term
astrocyte fcn (5)
Definition
Blood-brain barrier
Regulates tissue fluid comp
Fill space from dead neurons
Provide structural network
Can directly influence fcn of neurons w/ Ca release
Term
[image]
Definition
Ependymal Cells
Term
[image]
Definition
Fourth Ventricle
Term
[image]
Definition
Microglial Cell
Term
[image]
Definition
Microglial Cell
Term
[image]
Definition
Ependymal Cell
Term
[image]
Definition
Third Ventricle
Term
[image]
Definition
Interventricular Foramen
Term
[image]
Definition
Lateral Ventricles
Term
[image]
Definition
Mesencephalic Aqueduct
Term
[image]
Definition
Lateral Apeture
Term
[image]
Definition
Median Apeture
Term
[image]
Definition
Astrocytes
Term
Ependymal cells: structure and fcn
Definition
Line ventricles of the brain
Help form choroid plexus (for prod of CSF)
Term
Saltatory Conduction
Definition
[image]
Term
[image]
Definition
Central Canal of Spinal Cord
Term
[image]
Definition
Satellite Cell
Term
[image]
Definition
Oligodendrocyte
Term
Oligodendrocyte (define)
Definition
Slender extensions that wrap around axons providing myelin
Myelinate more than one axon
Term
Two types of glial cells in the PNS
Definition
Satellite cells
Neurolemmocyte / Schwann cell
Term
Satellite cells (define)
Definition
Located around cell bodies of PRG
Regulate nutrients/waste
Term
Schwann cells (define)
Definition
Wrap around axons in PNS to provide myelin to a portion of an axon
Term
Two cells that myelinate axons + location
Definition
Oligodendrocyte (CNS)
Schwann Cell (PNS)
Term
Successful nerve regeneration dep on (3)
Definition
1. amount of damage
2. secretion of nerve growth factor by neurolemmocytes
3. distance b.t damaged axons and effector
Term
Why doesn't regeneration occur in the CNS? (3)
Definition
1. oligodendrocytes do not release growth factor
2. the large number of axons in the CNS interfere w/ regeneration
3. astrocytes may obstruct axon growth
Term
Syapse
1. define
2. fcn
3. located b/t
Definition
1. the fcnal contact of a nerve cell w/ another nerve cell or effector
2. it is where an impulse is relayed to another neuron/effector
3. located b/t the axon termina, or telodendria, and the effector or another neuron
Term
telodendria aka
Definition
axon terminal
Term
nerve regeneration (4)
Definition
1 axon is severed
2 proximal portion of the severed axon seals off and swells: the distal portion degenerates
3 neurolemmocytes form a regeneration tube
4 axon regenerates and reM occurs
5 reinnervation of the effector (skel mscl fibers by the axon)/ reconnect to effector
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