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| Group of computers and other devices that are connected by some type of transmission media. |
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| Applications and the data provided by these applications that is made available to a user. |
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| Client-Server Application |
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Definition
| Involving two computers, a client computer requests data or a service from the second computer, the server. |
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| The methods and rules for network communication between network devices. |
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (:80)
Primary protocol used by Web servers and browsers |
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (:443)
Uses SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security) to encrypt the HTTP protocol. |
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (:25)
Sends an email message to the SMTP server where it is then sent to the recipient's mail server. |
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Post Office Protocol, v3 (:110)
Downloads the email from the server to the client computer. |
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Internet Message Access Protocol, v4 (:143)
Client application manages the email stored on the server. |
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File Transfer Protocol (:21)
Transfers files between two computers. |
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Secure File Transfer Protocol (:22)
Transfers files between two computers but uses encryption to make it a more secure process. Typically uses SSH connection. |
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Legacy (:23)
Used by Telnet client-server command-line application to allow an administrator or other user to "remote in". |
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Secure Shell Protocol (:22)
A secure channel or tunnel that connects two computers. |
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| Application that allows a technician to remotely access a local computer. |
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Remote Desktop Protocol (:3389)
Provides secure, encrypted transmissions to allow a technician to securely remote into a computer using Windows Remote Desktop. |
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| An application that is installed and executed on a server and is presented to a user working at a client computer. |
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| Included in Windows Server 2008 and later that provided remote applications. |
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| Prior to Windows Server 2008 and earlier this was used for remote connections. |
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| Server's ability to share data files and disk storage space. |
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| Provides file services for users so all the data is kept and provided on the server versus on their own machines. |
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| Shares printers across a network. ex. One printer can support a whole office of users. |
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| When a server delivers multiple types of communication services, such as video, voice, and fax. |
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| Unified Communications (UC) |
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Definition
| Centralized management of multiple network-based communications. |
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Voice over IP
Allows two or more people to have voice communications over a network. |
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| Each computer involved in this communication is independent of the other computers. |
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| Point-to-Multipoint Model |
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Definition
| Uses one transmitter and multiple receivers for communication. |
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| Video Teleconference (TVC) |
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Definition
| Application like Skype or Google Talk, that allows people to communicate in video and voice. |
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| Application that uses client-server model that has one server providing service to many clients. |
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Real-time Transport Protocol (:16384 - 32767)
Protocol used in the Session layer that is specifically designed to transmit audio and video that works in conjunction with VoIP. |
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| Term used for services like Voice and video transmissions that are sensitive to lag or buffering interruptions during connection. |
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| Term used for services that can tolerate the occasional loss of data such as skipping video frames for example. |
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| The overall performance of a telephony or computer network, particularly the performance seen by the users of the network. |
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| The amount of traffic or data transmission activity on the network. |
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| Describes how parts of a whole work together. |
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a.k.a Network Topology
Applies to the hardware and describes how computers, other devices, and cables fit together to form the physical network. |
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Deals with software and describes how access to the network is controlled.
ex. How users and programs intially gain access to the network and how specific resources, such as applications and databases, are shared on the network. |
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| Network Operating Systems (NOSs) |
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Definition
Controls access to the entire network.
ex. Windows Server 2012 R2, Ubuntu Server, Red Hat. |
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| Peer-to-Peer Network Model (P2P) |
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Definition
| Each operating system of each computer on the network is responsible for controlling access to its resources without centralized control. Not scalable. |
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| An account that only works on that one local computer you are logging onto. |
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| The ability for a network to expand or grow as your network grows larger. |
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| Client-Server Network model |
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Definition
a.k.a Client-Server architecture or Client-Server Topology
Resources are managed by the NOS via a centralized directory database. |
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Definition
| On a Windows Server this is a centralized directory database that contains user account information and security for the entire group of computers. |
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| The logical network group that controls network access to a group of computers. |
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| An account kept in the Active Directory that is a domain-level account that allows a user access to the network. |
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| Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) |
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Definition
| The process of managing global accounts and active directory are controlled by this service. |
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Local Area Network
Each node can communicate directly with each other and is usually used in small spaces such as an office or building. |
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Definition
| Receives incoming data from one of its ports and redirects it to another port or multiple ports that will send the data to its intended destination. |
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| A physical topology that consists of all devices connecting to one central device. |
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| A network port that is embedded in the computer's motherboard. |
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Network Interface Card a.k.a Network adapter
Installed in the expansion slot of the motherboard or other slot like USB to provide networking function to a computer. |
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| A central conduit that connects the segments of a network. |
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| A physical topology where a single line connects a network of computers. |
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A combination of two topologies.
ex. Two star topology networks connected by one single connection. |
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| A term used when you combine two different topologies together. |
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| A device that manages traffic between two or more networks and can help find the best path for traffic to get from one network to another. |
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| Any computer on a network that hosts a resource such as an application or data. |
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| Any computer or device on a network that can be addressed on the local network. |
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Metropolitan Area Network
A group of connected LANs in the same geographical area. |
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Campus Area Network
A group of connected LANs in the same geographical area. |
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Wide Area Network
A group of LANs that spread over a wide geographical area. |
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Personal Area Network
Network of personal devices, such as bluetoothing your phone to your car. |
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Open Systems Interconnection
A seven-layer model that explains network communication in layers. |
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Layer 7 of the OSI Model
The interface between two applications each on separate computers. |
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| Describes data in Application Layer (L7) of the OSI model. This data is passed between applications or utility programs and the operating systems that includes control information. |
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Layer 6 of the OSI Model
Responsible for reformatting, compressing, and/or encrypting data in a way that the application on the receiving end can read. |
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Layer 5 of the OSI Model
Describes how data between applications is synced and recovered if messages don't arrive intact at the receiving application. |
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Application Programming Interface Call
method an application uses when it makes a request of the OS. |
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Layer 4 of the OSI Model
Responsible for transporting Application layer payloads from one application to another. Uses TCP and UDP protocols for delivery. |
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Transmission Control Protocol
Makes a connection with the end host an checks whether the data is received and re-sends if it is not. |
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| Connection-oriented Protocol |
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Definition
| Term used to describe TCP because it requires a connection to the host in order to send data. |
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User Datagram Protocol
Does not guarantee delivery by first connecting and checking whether data is received. It's a connectionless protocol or best effort protocol. |
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| Connectionless/Best-Effort Protocol |
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Definition
| The connection does not need confirmation from the other end of the connection that it is successful. |
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Definition
| Information at the beginning of the payload that creates a message that it is ready to be transmitted to the Network Layer. |
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Definition
| This is the process of adding a header to the data inherited from the Session layer. |
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| used by the Transport Layer as an address for the header of the payload. |
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Definition
Segments is used in TCP when the message is too large. It will cut it into smaller segments.
Datagram is used in UDP when the message is too large. |
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Layer 3 of the OSI Model
Responsible for moving messages from one node to another until they reach the destination host. |
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Internet Protocol
Adds a network layer header to the segment or datagram and changes the entire network layer message to a packet. The Network layer header identifies the sending and receiving hosts by their IP addresses. |
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| An address assigned to each node on a network. Used by the Network Layer to uniquely identify them. |
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Internet Control Message Protocol
Used to send error messages and operational information indicating the status of a node. |
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Address Resolution Protocol
Maps IP network addresses to the hardware addresses used by a data link protocol |
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| The process of dividing a packet into smaller packets if the packet is larger than the maximum size for its network. |
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Layer 2 of the OSI Model (Link Layer)
Responsible for interfacing with the physical hardware only on the local network. |
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| Link Layer switches or Layer 2 Switches |
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Definition
| A switch that is the least intelligent and works at the Layer 2 of the OSI model. |
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| Control information added to the end of a packet by the Link Layer. |
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| The entire Link Layer message |
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Media Access Control Address (Physical address, hardware address, Data Link Layer address)
An address that is contained in the frame header that leads to the source and destination NICs the frame is going to. |
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| Responsible for sending bits via a wired or wireless transmissions. |
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Protocol Data Unit
The technical name of a group of bits in a message or transmission. |
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| Process of removing a header and trailer from a layer below. |
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| Tools and utilities to suppress a fire. Includes emergency alert system, portable fire extinguishers, emergency power-off switch, and suppression agents. |
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| Allows access to a system during a system failure. |
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| Denies access to a system during a failure. |
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Material Safety Data Sheet
Explains how to properly handle substances such as chemical solvents and how to dispose of them. |
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Definition
Heating, Ventilation, and air conditioning system
Controls the environment in a data center. |
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Definition
| A device is connected directly to the earth, so that, in an event of a short, the electricity flows into the other, rather than out of control through the device and back to the power station. |
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Electrostatic Discharge a.k.a Static electricity
An electrical charge at rest that causes an electrical discharge when you and an object have different static charges. |
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Definition
| Destroys the component beyond use. |
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Definition
| A failure that can shorten the life of a component and/or cause intermittent errors but can still be used. |
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Main federal agency that regulates electrical and tool safety in workplaces. |
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Definition
1. Identify the Problem and its Symptoms
2. Establish a theory of probable cause
3. Test your theory to determine the cause
4. Establish a plan for resolving the problem.
5. Implement the solution or escalate the problem
6. Verify functionality and implement preventive measures
7. Document findings, actions, and outcomes |
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Help Desk Software
A system that documents problems and their resolutions. |
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Definition
| Collection of accumulated insights and solutions to the problems encountered on a particular network. |
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| Demarcation Point (demarc) |
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Definition
| Device that marks where a telecommunications service provider's network ends and the organization's network begins. |
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