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18th Century History Test 1
Ancient Greek, Roman and Egyptian technology and building methods
35
History
Undergraduate 1
02/08/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Impacts of SemiCircularArches
Definition
  • Aesthetics and proportions
    • wider space columns and curbs introduced
  • Solidity
    • moral emphasis
  • Volume
    • with arcuated construction, new volumes are possible
  • Symbollism(illusion)
    •  SCA used everywhere came to symbolize the power of the Roman Empire
Term
Greek Orders
Definition
  • Doric  (Parthenon perfect example)     
    • Blocky , hints of wood 
  • Ionic         
    • Curl    
  •       Corinthian  
    • Flourishing                         
Term
Roman Temples Have...
Definition
  • Expanded cella, bigger interior space
  • Peristyle replaced engaged columns
  • No stylobate, instead a set of stairs on 1 facade leading to the entrance, while the rest of the facades have a strong base
Term
Treabeated Systems
Definition
  • Trebeated-post and beam
  • Arcuated- arch based construction
  • Cirbel & Cantilever- Incremential overhang and dramatic overhang
  • Truss Triangulation- Triangular system which distributes weight best

 

Term
Roman architecture
Definition
  • Use of Semi cirular arches
  • discovery/ exploitation of concrete
  • Arch+concrete=Archuated massive volumes
Term
Greek Architecture
Definition
  • Monumental
  • masterful artists
  • considered buildings sculptural objects in space and in sunlight
  • Dominant building type: Temple
  • Devised a proprotioning systems for their buildings
Term

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

Characteristics

Definition
  1. Monumentality
    • Size
    • Material durability
    • Importance in society
  2. Religious beliefs affect design
    • Pharaoh is God
    • Belief in afterlife
  3. Spatial sequence
    • Almost always employed axial (linear) design strategy.
  4. Ornamentation as means of communication
    • Hieroglyphics- pictoral language carved in stone.
Term
Minonian Architecture
Definition
  • Palace at Knossos
    • The columns are tapered
    • Decoration is non-threatning

 

 

Term
What were ways in which the Greek continiously refined their deigns?
Definition
  • Refined Proportions of temples
  • Used entasis to fix human perspective
  • Fluted the columns adn had members sticking out and setting back to obtain 3D
  • Concerned with symmetricaliy
Term
Dorians
Definition
  • They invade mainland Greece from the north
  • they have woodbuilding traditions, salt proof traditions
  • developed Megarons, gable roof and porch
Term
Egyptian Building Types
Definition
  • Tombs
  • Temples
  • Mastaba
  • Sphinx
Term
Western Asia
Definition
  • Used stone
  • Abundant clay, smaller masonry units and bricks
  • Militaristic oriented-defense oriented architecture
Term
Elements of a temple
Definition
  • strong and elevated base
  • a trebeated porch
  • gable roof
  • a cella- enclosed interior roof
Term
Roman Concrete
Definition

Aggregate, Pazzolana, and Water

 

when they combine, a chemical reaction occurs, and creates an extremely strong member which can be formed into many different shapes

 

It replaced structural stone masonry

Term
[image]
Definition
Arch of Constantine
Term
[image]
Definition
Baths of Carcalla
Term

Mycenian Arhitecture

 

Definition

Cyclopian Walls-- massive walls thought to not have been made by humans

 

Term
[image]
Definition
Doric Order
Term
[image]
Definition
Erechtheum
Term
Peripteral
Definition
Having columns on all sides
Term
[image]
Definition
Ishtars Gate (reconstructed)
Term
[image]
Definition

Lions Gate

  • precursor to treatments on Greek temples
  • stone version of trebiation
  • recognizes structural knowledge
  • pediment has carvings of animals
Term
[image]
Definition
Maison Carree
Term
[image]
Definition
Parthenon
Term
[image]
Definition
Pont Du Gard
Term
[image]
Definition
Propylea
Term
[image]
Definition
Pyramids oat Giza
Term
Theaters
Definition

Roman

  • semi circle with stage in front
  • had a base
  • columns are engaged with walls
  • more decorated
  • one axial entrance

Greek

  • 3/4 of a circle with a vie for the front
  • entrance from several parts
  • colum # in antis say style
    • 2 colums, distyle
    • 3 coulmns, tristyle
Term
[image]
Definition
Temple of Nike
Term
[image]
Definition
The Colosseum
Term
Religious Buildings
Definition
Tomb, High Place, Meeting Place
Term
Caryatids
Definition
colums of human form
Term
Propylea
Definition
entrance to pantheon
Term
Faience
Definition
glazed earthenware decorated with opaque colors
Term
Entasis
Definition
purposeful distortion
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