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| Invented Cotton Gin-makes cleaning cotton 50x faster; making it profitable. Transforms south to one-crop economy. |
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| First cotton organization |
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| Hundreds of cotton mills are created-making it common for regular people to have more clothes. |
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| Importance of Steam for Cotton Gin |
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| Once used to power mills they were able to move mills away from rivers and into cities |
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| Revolution of Transportation |
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| 1816-Steamboat is invented |
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| Allowed cost of shipping products to decrease dramatically. |
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| Most industrial towns linked to each other via railroads. |
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| Ministers started competing for converts-awakening of different religions |
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| Legislation passed for free public education; longer school year created |
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| The North abolishes slavery; the south still depends on it. |
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| First Women's Rights convention |
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| Vote is cast by general population, then congress passes as law |
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| Someone with extreme desire to change something immediately |
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| Missouri Compromise of 1820/36-30 Parallel |
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| Everything above can be slave free, everything below is a slave state |
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| South threatens succession if California comes in as free state. Instead Cali comes in as slave state, Utah/NM popular sovereignty. |
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| Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 |
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| Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries. |
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| Result of Kansas/Nebraska Act. Kansas splits between two governments-pro vs against slavery. Civil war of Kansas |
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| Dred Scott Decision of 1856 |
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| Slave sued govt. for freedom because he was in a slave-free state. There were more southern judges so they had majority rule. Ruled slaves were property and could be moved to any state. |
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| Abraham Lincoln elected as President |
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| The south succeeds and creates their own country. |
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| Reasons the South Secession |
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| South decided their views would not be represented properly, felt their views were being pushed out. Felt they would be better without the north. |
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| North wanted to preserve union, force south back into the states. South wanted to preserve their way of life with slave labor, and be allowed to form own country. |
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| Strengths of Northern Army |
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| North has 4x the population, more diversified people, 20,000 miles linked with railroads, stable government with Lincoln as leader |
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| Strengths of Southern Army |
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| Just had to wait out war, not invade, controlled world supply of cotton, which they believed would sway Europe to their side, roads terrible; hard to invade |
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| Each side had 18,000 troops. North had hard time controlling troops, south did not. Army of Potomac retreat, gets confused with advancing troops. Confederacy was unorganized as well, did not feel like they could advance and take northern army. |
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| Leader of the Army of the Potomac (northern army)-Never ready to march, always believed more training was necessary |
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| 7 day battle-McClellan's first battle-Lincoln had to order McClellan in. McClellan has 100,000 men; south had about 90,000. North did not have the element of surprise, finally McClellan ordered retreat. |
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| Wanted to put blockade against coastline to squeeze the south out |
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| 1862-South eventually retreats, North could have won war if McClellan would have followed Southern Army |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| An unofficial do-it yourself declaration (which wasn't technically legal) that declared every slave in the confederate states to be free. Southern slaves would escape to the north and join the norther army. Added 200,000 former slaves to northern army. Wasn't official legal until 1865 when amendment was added to constitution. |
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| North gains control of Mississippi river. |
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| Turning point of war. North entrenches themselves first, South loses 1/3 of men. Location of '4 score and 7 years ago' speech by Lincoln. |
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| Three obstacles of Union Victory |
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| Large confederate army blocking Sherman's army trying to get to Atlanta, Confederate army kept Lee's army supplied, ? |
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| Sherman's March to the Sea |
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| (1864-65)-In 1865 Sherman's army marches through south unopposed burning the area. |
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| 1 in 4 southerners dead from war. North is transformed economically as many businesses were created to support war. South is physically/economically/emotionally/socially destroyed. Slaves gained freedom but lost job security |
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