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16. Muscles of the shoulder
n/a
22
Anatomy
3rd Grade
10/06/2013

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Term
muscles of shoulder
intrinsic
anterior thorax
posterior thorax
small anterior arm
Definition
deltoid, subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor

pectorals major

latissimus dorsi

coracobrachialis

**all of the muscles cross the shoulder joint that insert on the humerus
Term
pectoralis major
Definition
O- clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6 (cartilage), aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
I- intertubercular sulcus of humerus
N- lateral and medial pectoral nerves
A- flexes, adducts, rotates arm medially

forms anterior wall of the axilla
Term
Latissimus dorsi
Definition
O- lumbodorsal fascia; spinous processes of T7- 12 and lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest and inferior angle of scapula
I- intertubercular groove of humerus
N- thoracodorsal nerve
A- extension of humerus, powerful adductor, medial rotator of arm, depresses shoulder (used in climbing and swimming)

forms posterior axillary fold
Term
Deltoid
Definition
O- lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
I- deltoid tuberosity of humerus
N- axillary nerve
A- abduction of arm, all fibers; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm, synergist with pectorals major, (posterior fibers) extend and laterally rotate arm

intermuscular injection
stabilize shoulder joint and hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity during shoulder movement
Term
Subscapularis
Definition
O-subscapular fossa of scapula
I-lesser tubercle of humerus
N- subscauplar nerves (upper and lower)
A- major medial rotator of humerus helps in adduction

rotator cuff muscle, hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Term
rotator cuff muscles
Definition
subscapularis
*supraspinatus
*infraspinatus
*teres minor

*three muscles insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus
subscapularis inserts on the lesser tubercle
Term
supraspintaus
Definition
O- supraspinous fossa of scapula
I- superior part of greater tubercle of humerus
N- suprascapular nerve
A- abducts arm; stabilizes shoulder joint and helps to prevent downward dislocation of humerus

initiation of arm abduction, after 15 degrees deltoid becomes effective
Term
infraspinatus
Definition
O-infraspinous fossa of scapulas
I- greater tubercle of hummers, posterior to supraspinatus insertion
N- suprascapular nerve
A- rotates arm laterally, aids in holding head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Term
teres minor
Definition
O- lateral border of dorsal scapular surface
I- greater tubercle of hummers, inferior to infraspinatus insertion
N- axillary nerve
A- rotates arm laterally, aids in holding head of hummers in glenoid cavity (same as infraspinatus); aids in adduction of arm
Term
which rotator cuff muscle is the exception for rotation the humerus and what is its action
Definition
supraspinatus- INITIATES ABDUCTION
Term
rotator cuff muscles actions
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
Definition
initiates abduction
lateral rotator
lateral rotat
medial/primary rotatr

all of the RCM tonic contraction to hold humor head in glen. cavity

supraspinatus is most commonly injured
Term
trees major and minor have different:
Definition
have different nerve supplies and actions
Term
SIT
Definition
supraspinatus, infraspintaus, teres minor SIT on the greater tubercle from anterior to posterior
Term
teres major
Definition
o- posterior surface of scapula at inferior angle
I- intertubercular sulcus of humerus, tendon fused with tendon of latissimus dorsi
N- lower subscapular nerve
A- adducts, extends, rotates arm medially, synergist with latissimus dorsi
usually called "latissiums dross's little helper"

holds head of hummers in place against pull of deltoid
Term
Three muscles insert into the intertubercular sulcus/groove of the humerus
Definition
most lateral- pectorals major,
latissimus dorsi
most medial- teres major
Term
coracobrachialis
Definition
O- coracoid process of scapula
I- medial surface of humerus shaft, opposite deltoid tubercle
N- musculocutaneous nerve
A- flexes and adducts arm, synergist with pectorals major

often fused superiorly with the short head of bides brachii
Term
Should joint fundamental movement
flexion
Definition
pectorals major
deltoid (anterior fiber)
coracobrachialis
biceps brachii
Term
Should joint fundamental movement
extension
Definition
lat dorsi
deltoid posterior fibers
trees major
Term
abduction
Definition
deltoid
supraspinaturs
Term
Should joint fundamental movement
adduction
Definition
pectorals major
lat dorsi
teres minor
trees major
coracobrachialis
tricpes brachii (long head)
Term
Should joint fundamental movement
Lateral rotation
Definition
infraspinatus
teres minor
deltoid posterior fibers
Term
medial rotation
Definition
subscapularis
lat dorsi
pectorals major
deltoid anterior fiber
teres major
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