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121 Lecture 3 Test
A&P 121 Lecture 3 Test
72
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/12/2010

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Cards

Term
name the period when the neuron cannot respond to another stimulus
Definition
absolute refractory period
Term
K+ gates open during which phase
Definition
repolarization
Term
a nerve impulse when its transmitted
Definition
action potential
Term
T/F: efferent nerve fibers = motor nerve fibers
Definition
false
Term
What is the formula for Ohm's law?
Definition
current=voltage/resistance
Term
What is the ciliated CNS neuroglia that help move cerebral-spinal fluid?
Definition
ependymal cells
Term
What is another name for the sheath of schwann?
Definition
neurolemma
Term
what is the period after the initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus?
Definition
refractory period
Term
what is the part of the neuron that conducts impulses away?
Definition
axon
Term
how is an impulse communicated from one nerve cell to another?
Definition
at the synapse
Term
what is the role of acetylcholinesterase?
Definition
to destroy or neutralize acytl coA by the axonal endings
Term
what are collections of nerves outside the CNS?
Definition
ganglia
Term
what is the CNS refer to?
Definition
brain & spinal cord
Term
what is the substance released at an axonal ending in the synaptic bulb?
Definition
acytl coA or neurotransmitter substance
Term
what is the part of a neuron that receives stimuli?
Definition
dendrites
Term
how many Na+ and K+ ions are pumped and in what direction?
Definition
3 Na+ ions out and 2 K+ ions in
Term
what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic subdivisions of?
Definition
autonomic nervous system
Term
what gates open when an action potential is peaked?
Definition
K+ gates
Term
what is the main visceral control center of the body?
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
experiences, ideas, judgement, and conscience are associated with what area of the brain?
Definition
prefrontal area
Term
what is the stage of sleep when vitals reach lowest normal levels?
Definition
stage 4
Term
what is the stage of sleep when you are easily woken and have alpha waves
Definition
stage 1
Term
what stage of sleep begins 90 minutes after onset of sleep?
Definition
REM
Term
where does the spinal cord end?
Definition
at the level of L1
Term
what cerebral hemisphere is mostly dominant?
Definition
left
Term
what is arbor vitae?
Definition
it is in the cerebellum and it is white matter...it looks like a tree
Term
where is the primary auditory cortex?
Definition
temporal lobe
Term
where is the gray and white matter in relation to the spinal cord?
Definition
gray matter inside & white matter outside
Term
where is the subarachnoid space?
Definition
between arachnoid and pia mater
Term
where are the vital centers that control heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration?
Definition
medulla
Term
name the fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres
Definition
longitudinal fissure
Term
what is the rough, thick meningeal layer?
Definition
dura mater
Term
what is a shallow groove on the surface of the cortex
Definition

sulcus

 

(gyrus, sulcus, fissure)

Term
what is the main structure for producing cerebral spinal fluid?
Definition
choroid plexi
Term
what are the ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebrum called?
Definition
gyri
Term
which lobe does the central sulcus separate?
Definition
frontal & parietal
Term
what brain structure is considered the "thermostat" of the body?
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
white matter of the spinal cord contains what fibers?
Definition
myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
Term
spastic paralysis suggests involvement of which neurons?
Definition
motor
Term
what separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe?
Definition
lateral sulcus
Term
what area of the brain is considered a motor speech area?
Definition
Broca's area
Term
what do the commissures connect?
Definition
cerebral hemispheres
Term
what are the structures of the limbic system?
Definition
hippocampus, amygdela, and _____
Term
wakefullness or alertness is controlled in what brain area of the cerebral cortex?
Definition
reticular formation or RAS
Term
how long does short term memory last?
Definition
a few seconds
Term
what brain waves are common in children and not in adults?
Definition
theta waves
Term
what is the large tract that connects the right and left sides of the brain?
Definition
corpus collosum
Term
the infundibulum connects the hypothalamus to the:
Definition
pituitary gland
Term
what are arachnoid villi
Definition
small protrusions of the arachnoid (the thin second layer covering the brain) through the dura mater (the thick outer layer). They protrude into the venous sinuses of the brain, and allow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to exit the brain, and enter the blood stream.
Term
the "knee jerk" reflex is an example of
Definition
stretch reflex
Term
three branches of the trigeminal nerve are:
Definition
maxillary, opthalmic, and mandibular
Term
the abducens nerve supplies:
Definition
lateral eye movement
Term
the "funny bone" is stimulation of what nerve?
Definition
ulna
Term
what are nerves that carry impulses to the CNS
Definition
afferent nerves
Term
what is the largest and longest nerve of the body?
Definition
sciatic nerve
Term
what is the "babinski sign" and is it normal in adults?
Definition
toes curl under in an infant. no
Term
what is a mixed nerve?
Definition
when a nerve is both sensory & motor
Term
if you have balance problems its because of the
Definition
vestibulochochlear nerve
Term
what is the largest cranial nerve?
Definition
trigeminal
Term
what surrounds a fasicle?
Definition
perineurium
Term

T/F: The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place.


Definition
false
Term
T/F: During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes LESS negative
Definition
true
Term
T/F: Saltatory conduction occurs because of the presence of salt (NaCl) around the neuron.
Definition
false
Term
The sheath of Schwann is also called the _________.
Definition
neurilemma
Term
The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the _____.
Definition
synapse
Term
The role of acetylcholinesterase is to ______.
Definition
destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axonal endings
Term
The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) _______.
Definition
neurotransmitter
Term
The part of the neuron that normally receives stimuli is called ________.
Definition
a dendrite
Term
The sodium-potassium pump _______.
Definition
  pumps three sodium ions outside the cell and two potassium ions inside
Term
In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting neuron differ from the external environment?  The interior is _______.
Definition
negatively charged and contains less sodium
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