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10: Pigs non infectious problems
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15
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
11/21/2015
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Term
Mange
 Definition

sarcoptes scabei var. suis

 

Mitesmultiplyonthepig

• Eggslaidinburrows
• Larvae,nymphs,adults
• Lifecycle14–15days 

 

Verypruritic,rubbing
• Skinexudationandcrusting
• Chroniccases–mitesliveinears

Spread by direct contact
Survives in environment for 3 weeks ‘Minimal Disease’ pigs : mange‐free

- grade 1-3

- scratching and rubbing

- early lesions: small red papules, erythema

- scabs, skin thickening

- dirty brown appearance

- headshaking , aural haematomas

- growth rates reduced

- examine for mites- ear wax

- Newly‐affectedareas:skinscrapes

• Responsetotreatment

• Differentials:lice,greasypigdisease,pityriasisrosea, parakeratosis, swine pox, biting insects 

. 
Term
Mange treatment/control
 Definition

 

  • Maintain freedom from mange

  • Avermectins (inj/feed)

  • Regular treatment of adult pigs

  • Boars every 2 – 3 months

  • Gilts 1 – 2 weeks before first service

  • Sows/gilts – on entry to farrowing house 

    Eradication: 

     

    All breeding stock: 2 x avermectin injections (14d apart) 

    • Growers: avermectin in feed
    • Move to clean, sprayed buildings (amitraz)
    • Prevent contact between treated and infected pigs

    • New stock: mange free or treat in isolation 
Term

Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome

PDNS

 Definition

 

  • Cause uncertain

  • More cases in PMWS herds

  • Immune‐complex disorder

  • Characterised by skin and kidney lesions

    • Affects growing pigs

    • High case fatality rate (approx. 80%)

    • Death due to renal failure

    • Differential diagnosis: CSF and ASF!!! 

     
Term
PDNS: pathology
 Definition

 

Immune‐complex vasculitis
– Ab‐Ag complexes (chronic Ag stimulation) on vascular

endothelium → vasculis

• Glomerulonephris → protein loss

− Large, pale kidney speckled with small haemorrhages (turkey egg) 

 

Haemorrhagic dermatitis
– Mild sc oedema, heamorrhragic lesions can expand into sc

- skin necrosis

- 

  • lymphnodes,serosalsurfaces:haemorrhages

  • Vasculitisinotherorgans

  • Mayseeintestinalinfarcts 

 
Term
PDNS clinical signs
 Definition

 

Sporadiccasesorasmallwave

• Skin:multifocalhaemorrhages 

 

Kidney:Turkeyegg – Protein loss

– Uraemia +/‐ CNS

• • • •

Possibly febrile
Lethargic, ataxic, recumbent Condition progressive

Death in 2 – 4 days but some recover 
Term
PDNS diagnosis/treatment
 Definition

 

  • Clinicalsigns,pathology

  • Differentials:CSF/ASF

  • NotifyDVMifindoubt

  • Responsetotreatmentpoorinaffectedpigs

• Canuse prophylactic antibiotics in younger pigs to reduce bacterial antigen challenge

- PCV2 vaccination 
Term
perakeratosis
 Definition

- chronic skin disorder

- Zinc. deficiency- primary or secondary

- rare nowadays: feed compounders

- reduces biosynthesis of efa-> keratohyalin synthesis affected

- thickening , reddening of skin- legs, abdomen, neck, head, ears

Skin: very thick scabs, blackened, cracked

non-pruritic

- affects growth rate
Term
Perakeratosis: diagnosis
 Definition

 

  • Clinical signs, histopathology

  • Serum zinc levels

  • Feed assay for zinc

  • Differentials – pityriasis, mange, greasy pig

  • Supplement diet – skin healing in 2 – 3 weeks 
Term
Thrombocytopaenic purpura
 Definition

 

Immune‐mediated condition, uncommon • Young pigs only
• Colostral antibodies to platelets
• Iso‐immunisation

• Boar different thrombocyte type to sow • Used in previous pregnancy
• Sow become sensitised

Piglets ingest colostrum with antibodies to their platelets

  • Thrombocytes drop sharply

  • Piglets pale, weak

  • Many skin petechiae

    • Variable numbers within litter die

    • Largest piglets often worst affected

      Transfer piglets to another sow as soon as condition recognised

      • Do not use the same boar or semen in subsequent pregnancies 

     

 
Term
Degenerative joint disease
 Definition

 

Osteochondrosiscommon
• Lameness,legweakness:Highwastageofgilts • Elbowsand/orstiflesaffected
• Causeuncertain:

  • −  Genetic susceptibility?

  • −  High growth rates

    - medial condyles: distal humeri/femurs

    Articular cartilage damage:

    1. Degeneration and disorganisation chondrocytes

    2. Fissures

    3. Ossification ceases

    4. Subchondral fibrosis

    5. Collapse articular cartilage surface

    cartilage flaps, slough, ulcerated lesions

    - synovial membranes inflamed

    - control difficult, ensure balanced ration, cull affected animals  
Term
DDX for lameness
 Definition

 

  • Based on history and gross findings

  • Bacteria – culture, histo (syn mem), serology

  • Mycoplasma – culture, PCR, histo

  • Trauma – gross path all structures

  • Nutritional – Ca/Phos/VitD

  • Degenerative – bone/cartilage path

  • Spinal problem 
Term
Vices:
 Definition

 

Savaging
• Vulva biting

• Ear biting
• Tail biting
• Bullying

If animals are uncomfortable they get irritated −


Abdominaldiscomfort/infection:waggingtails

− Hunger
− Overstocking

− Uncomfortablesleepingareas:maintainance/bedding


If animals are uncomfortable they get irritated − Climate:toohot/humid/fluctuation

− Generalpoorhealth

If animals are uncomfortable they get irritated − General poor health

• Animal factors: natural or learned behaviour • Boredom: Intelligence, stimulation, taillength

 
Term
Vices: savagine
 Definition

 

  • Sporadicgiltproblem

  • Aharshoralienenvironment/individualcrate.

  • Nutritionaldeficiencies.

  • Itmayalsoberelatedtotemperament.

• It seems to be more prevalent in somebreeds than others 
Term
Vices: tail biting
 Definition

 

Balance between:  

1. Feeding: ration, amounts, trough space

2. Environment: comfort and space

3. Climate:Toohot/humidand

fluctuation

4. Health: Intestinal and general

5. Animal Factors

6. Boredom: toys, tail length 
Term
Vices: tail biting
 Definition

 

Balance between:  

1. Feeding: ration, amounts, trough space

2. Environment: comfort and space

3. Climate:Toohot/humidand

fluctuation

4. Health: Intestinal and general

5. Animal Factors

6. Boredom: toys, tail length 
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