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1055 Chapter 2
body planes, stucture of cells, tissues, and glands, body cavities
84
Veterinary Medicine
Not Applicable
09/27/2011

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Term
midsagittal plane
Definition
plane that divides body into equal parts
Term
-logy
Definition
the study of
Term
anatomy
Definition
study of body structure
Term
Physiology
Definition
study of body functions
Term
Pathology
Definition
study of nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions
Term
pathophysiology
Definition
study of changes in function caused by disease
Term
etiology
Definition
study of disease causes
Term
dental arcade
Definition
term used to describe how teeth are arranged in the oral cavity
Term
lingual surface
Definition
aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue
Term
palatal surface
Definition
tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue and the lingual surface is the tooth surface of the mandible that faces the tongue
Term
buccal surface
Definition
aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek
Term
occlusal surface
Definition
aspects of the teeth that meet where you chew
Term
labial surface
Definition
tooth surface facing the lips
Term
contact surfaces
Definition
aspects of teeth that touch other teeth
Term
mesial distal
Definition
the one closest to the midline of the dental arcade or arch
Term
cavity
Definition
hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs
Term
cranial cavity
Definition
the hollow space that contains the brain in the skull
Term
spinal cord
Definition
the hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column
Term
thoracic or chest cavity
Definition
contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm
Term
peritoneal cavity
Definition
abdominal cavity is commonly called this
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
is the hollow space that contains the reporductive and some excretory system organs bounded by the pelvic bones
Term
abdomnen
Definition
portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis containing the abdominal cavity
Term
thorax
Definition
chest region located between the neck and diaphragm
Term
groin or inguinal area
Definition
lower region of the abdomen adjacent to the thigh
Term
membranes
Definition
thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or an organ
Term
peritoneum
Definition
is the membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and it covers some organs in this area
Term
parietal peritoneum
Definition
outer layers of the peritoneum that liens the abdominal and pelvic cavities
Term
visceral peritoneum
Definition
inner layer of peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs
Term
peritonitis
Definition
inflammation of the peritoneum
Term
umbilicus or navel
Definition
the pit in the abdominal wall making the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus
Term
mesentery
Definition
the layer of peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity
Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
superficial to the peritoneum
Term
dorsal recumbency
Definition
lying on the back
Term
ventral or sternal recumbency
Definition
lying on the belly
Term
left lateral recumbency
Definition
lying on the left side
Term
right lateral recumbency
Definition
lying on the right side
Term
prone
Definition
lying in ventral or sternal recumbency
Term
supine
Definition
lying in dorsal recumbency
Term
adduction
Definition
movement toward the midline
Term
abduction
Definition
movement away from the midline
Term
flexion
Definition
closure of a joint angle, or reduction of the angle between two bones
Term
extension
Definition
straightening of a joint or an increase in the angle between the two bones
Term
hyperflexion/hyperextension
Definition
occurs when a joint is flexed or extended too far
Term
supination
Definition
the act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned upward
Term
pronation
Definition
act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned downward
Term
rotation
Definition
another term of movement that means circular around an axis
Term
cytology
Definition
study of cells
Term
protoplasm
Definition
cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus are collectively called this
Term
cell membrane
Definition
the structure lining the cell that protect's the cell's contents and regulates what goes in and out of the cell
Term
cell membrane
Definition
the structure lining the cell that protect's the cell's contents and regulates what goes in and out of the cell
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
the gelatinous material located in the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
Term
nucleus
Definition
the structure in a cell that contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane
Term
nucleoplasm
Definition
material in the nucleus
Term
chromosomes
Definition
structures in the nucleus composed of DNA, which transmits genetic information
Term
genetic disorder
Definition
any inhertied disease or condition caued by defective genes
Term
congenital disorder
Definition
denotes something that is present at birth
Term
anomaly
Definition
deviation from what is regarded as normal
Term
tissue
Definition
group of specialized cells that is similar in structure and function
Term
histology
Definition
study of structure, compostion, and function of tissue
Term
epithelial tissue or epithelium
Definition
covers internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightlypacked cells in a variety of arragnements
Term
endothelium
Definition
cellular covering that forms the linig of the internal organs, including blood vessels
Term
mesothelium
Definition
the cellular covering that forms the lining of serous membranes
Term
connective tissue
Definition
adds support and structure to the body by holding the organs in place and binding body parts together
Term
adipose tissue
Definition
known as fat
Term
muscle tissue
Definition
contains cell material with the specialized ability to contract and relax
Term
nervous tissue
Definition
contains cells with the specialized abiity to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses
Term
-plasia
Definition
used to describe formation, development, and growth of tissue and cell numbers
Term
-trophy
Definition
means formation, development, and increase in the size of tissue and cells
Term
anaplasia
Definition
change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other
Term
aplasia
Definition
lack of development of an organ or a tissue or a cell
Term
dysplasia
Definition
abnormal growth or development of an organ, tissue, or cell
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ, tissue, or cell
Term
hypoplasia
Definition
incomplete or less than normal development of an organ, tissue, or cell
Term
neoplasia
Definition
any abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled
Term
atrophy
Definition
decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ, tissue, or cell
Term
dystrophy
Definition
defective growth in the size of an organ, tissue, or cell
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
increase in the size of an organ, tissue, or cell
Term
glands
Definition
groups of specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body
Term
exocrine glands
Definition
groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances into ducts that elad out of the body or to another organ
Term
endocrine
Definition
group of cells that secrete their chemical substances directly into the bloodstream
Term
organ
Definition
part of the body that performs a special function or functions
Term
bicornuate uterus
Definition
uterus with two horns
Term
unilateral
Definition
pertaining to one side
Term
bilateral
Definition
pertaining to two sides
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