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| Tigris and Euphrates rivers deposited fertile soil. "Land between the rivers" first civilization. |
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| first to develop an urban civilization in Mesopotamia |
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| Semitic city to the north of Sumaria |
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| conquered Sumerian cities. world's first empire |
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| code of Hammurabi ruler of Babylonia. |
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| 2900 BC. ruler of upper Egypt conquered the Nile Delta and Lower Egypt. Pyramid construction. |
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| Pyramid Age essential forms of Egyptian civilization crystallized |
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| invaders of Egypt during the 2nd intermediate period. used horse and chariot and body armor. |
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| justice, law, right, and truth. how the pharaoh ruled. |
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| attempted "monotheism" little impact on teh masses of Egyptians. Pharaoh New Kingdom |
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| Akhenaton wife, prominent in his court |
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| Female Pharaoh. No male heir. Depicted as a male in art. |
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| Asia Minor and northern Syria, raided Babylon, challenged Egypt for control of Syria and Palestine. Well trained army. |
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| Descendants of the Canaanites. Drawn to the sea. first alphabet. |
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| Chaldean, or Neo-Babylonian, reached its height. rebuilt Babylonia |
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| Religion rejected magic, polytheism, and blood by a divinely appointed king |
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| lead the Exodus from Egypt, belief in Yahweh, the one God. |
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| Son of David. Merchant advancements |
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| prophet destruction of Judah punishment that the Hebrews had brought on themselves by violating God's laws |
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| codified ancient traditions, records, and practices, particularly laws |
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| King of the Persians conquered Babylon. |
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| belief in one God. break with Near Eastern religious thought |
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| belief in one God. break with Near Eastern religious thought |
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| Spiritually inspired individuals. God's messengers. |
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| Before Mycenaean civilization. 1350 years calm peaceful people |
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| after Minoan before Greek violent |
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| poet lived during the eighth century BC. Iliad and Odyssey shaped Greek spirit and Greek religion |
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| Discovered Minoans/Cretans |
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| Greek tribe migrated during the Dark Age, south founded Sparta |
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| settled in Attica, Athens is located |
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| poetic form, tenth and last year of the Trojan War |
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| excellence, bravery and skill in battle |
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| city-state, gave individuals a sense of belonging |
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| defeated foes, Spartans kept them as stat serfs or helots |
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| rule by landowning aristocrates |
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| rule by one man who seized power |
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| held that written law should be held in harmony with Dike (principle of justice that underlies the human community). all classes sense of working for the common good of the city. |
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| aristocrat, Tyrant. promotion of cultural life |
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| Democrat. redistricted the city. ostracism. |
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| Ionian Greeks of Asia Minor rebelled against their Persian overlord. era of Athenian imperialism. |
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| 150 city-states organized a confederation to protect themselves from Persia |
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| managed the ports, military installations, and other state properties and prepared the agenda for the Assembly. members chosen annually could not serve more than twice in a life time. lottery chose. |
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| central figure of Athenian life during the middle of the fifth century BC |
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| Athens and Sparta clash. Sparta felt that Athens threatened their independence. |
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| After the defeat of Athens in the Peloponnesian War oligarch took over. |
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| leader of the Thirty Tyrants |
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| Macedonian throne defeated the Greeks. City states still existed but lost their independence. |
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| Athenian orator attempted to get the Greeks to unite again against Macedonia |
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