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| first theoretical philosophers in human history 6th century BC. sought physical explanations |
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| omitted the gods from his account of the origins of nature. water original substance |
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| suggested that an indefinite, undifferentiated substance, which he called the Boundless, was the source of all things. |
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| mathematical relationships |
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| empty space and infinite number of atoms |
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| Greek physician ruled out supernatural and magical explanations and cures |
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| investigated people and society |
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| people should regulate their behavior in accordance with universal values. perfection of the individual human character |
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| method of inquiry or logical discussion |
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| disciple of Socrates. arrange political life according to rational rules. community first. |
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| truth resides in the world of Forms not in the world made known through the senses. |
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| an ideal state based on standards that would rescue his native Athens from the evils that had befallen it |
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| founded the Lyceum. studied at Plato's Academy for 20 years. tutor to young Alexander the Great. |
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| offered appraisal and practical guide to proper conduct |
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| play write. traditional religious beliefs and moral values |
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| perennial problem of well-intentioned human beings struggling valiantly |
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| Reason to tragedy. humanitarianism. |
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| "the father of history" present shaped by earlier happenings. |
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| early city states reached their height in the fifth century BC. |
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| absored the heritage of classical Greece, style of civilization changed. |
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| conquests widened Greeks' horizons but weakend their ties to their native cities. |
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