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1 Forearm
Exam 1
20
Anatomy
Graduate
09/24/2011

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Cards

Term
What results in a Colles’ fracture?
Definition
is the most common fracture of the forearm in adults >50 years due to forced dorsiflexion of the hand (e.g., trying to ease a fall by outstretching the upper limb). This fracture results in the distal 2 cm of the radial styloid process having a complete transverse fracture, with the fragment being displaced dorsally and often comminuted (broken into pieces). Essentially, Colles’ fracture shortens the radius at the distal end in reference to the ulna, forming a characteristic “dinner fork” deformity.
Term
What vein is commonly used for venipuncture? Where is it located?
Definition
median cubital vein; superficial to cubital fossa
Term
What is the primary (and most powerful) supinator of the forearm?
Definition
The biceps brachii is the primary and most powerful supinator of the flexed forearm; the supinator muscle supinates the forearm in the absence of resistance.
Term
Name the main flexor of the forearm.
Definition
Brachialis
Term
Name the divisions of the brachial artery where it splits at the region of the cubital fossa.
Definition
radial and ulnar arteries
Term
List the nerves and their neuromuscular relationships in the forearm.
Definition
List the nerves and their neuromuscular relationships in the forearm.

a. Median nerve = 6 ½ flexor muscles ( ½ refers to FDP of the lateral 2 digits—index and middle fingers)

b. Ulnar nerve = 1 ½ flexor muscles ( ½ refers to FDP of the medial 2 digits—ring and little fingers)

c. Radial nerve = all extensors plus the brachioradialis
Term
What is the characteristic clinical sign of a radial nerve injury at the level of the radial groove of the humerus?
Definition
wrist drop
Term
What muscle(s) flex the middle phalanges?…the distal phalanges?
Definition
flexor digitorum superficialis; flexor digitorum profundus
Term
Which muscle is the prime mover in pronation?
Definition
pronator quadratus
Term
What nerve(s) is/are compromised when a person has trouble pronating his/her forearm?
Definition
Median nerve
Term
List the muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist joint. Identify their main functions.
Definition
extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis (extend and abduct hand at wrist), extensor carpi ulnaris (extend and adduct hand at wrist)
Term
List the muscles that extend the medial four digits
Definition
extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicis
Term
List the muscles that extend or abduct the 1st digit, or thumb.
Definition
extensor pollicis longus & brevis, abductor pollicis longus
Term
What prevents bowstringing of the extensor tendons when the hand is hyperextended?
Definition
extensor retinaculum
Term
Tingling sensations and pain on the lateral side of the hand is due to the compression of what nerve? Where does this nerve pass through to enter the hand?
Definition
median nerve; carpal tunnel
Term
What structures accompany the median nerve?
Definition
tendons of the FDS, FDP, & FPL
Term
List the main arteries supplying the forearm muscles.
Definition
radial and ulnar arteries
Term
What nerve is at risk when the “funny bone” is hit or injured?
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
A knife wound on the palm at the level of the extended thumb injures what artery on the palm? This artery is the terminal continuation of what artery?
Definition
superficial palmar arch ; ulnar artery
Term
Where is the radial pulse taken?
Definition
lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis
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