Term
| For the network router to determine the destination for the data and send it there, two key pieces of information are used: the ___ ___ and the ___ ___. |
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Definition
gateway address
routing tables |
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Term
| A ___ ___ is the router’s IP address, which is the pathway to any and all ___ networks. |
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Definition
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Term
| To get a packet of information from one network to another, the packet is sent to the ___ ___, which helps forward the packet to its destination network. |
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Definition
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Term
| Computers on the other side of a ___ are said to be on remote networks. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False?
Without default gateways, Internet communication is not possible. |
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Definition
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Term
| On a workstation, it is common for the default gateway option to be configured automatically through ___ configuration. |
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Definition
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Term
| Before a data packet is forwarded, a chart called a ___ ___ is reviewed to determine the best possible path for the data to reach its destination. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False?
Every computer on a TCP/IP network has a routing table stored locally. |
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Definition
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Term
| To view the routing table on a client system, use the ___ ___ command. |
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Definition
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Term
| The router can get the information for the routing table through either ___ or ___ routing. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a routing table, the ___ IP address is the destination. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a routing table, the ___ ___ is the subnet mask value for the destination parameter. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a routing table, the ___ is where the IP address is sent. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a routing table, the ___ is the address that’s used to send the packet to the destination. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a routing table, the ___ is a measurement of the directness of a route. |
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Definition
Metric
The lower the metric, the faster the route. If multiple routes exist, the one with the lowest metric is chosen. |
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Term
| In environments that use ___ routing, routes and route information are manually entered into the routing tables. |
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Definition
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Term
| You can add a static route to a routing table using the ___ ___ command. |
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Definition
route add
The syntax is
route add 192.168.2.1 mask (255.255.255.0) 192.168.2.4 |
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Term
True or False?
Adding a static address to a routing table is permanent. |
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Definition
False
It will most likely be gone when the system reboots. |
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Term
| The route add command with the ___ switch makes the static route persistent. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a ___ routing environment, routers use special routing protocols to communicate. |
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Definition
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Term
| With ___-___ router communications, each router on the network communicates all the routes it knows about to the routers to which it is directly attached. |
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Definition
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Term
| The communication between distance-vector routers is known as a ___. |
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Definition
hop
On the network, each router represents one hop, so a network using six routers has five hops between the first and last router. |
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Term
| To see how many hops a packet takes to reach a destination, use the ____ command. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ ___ ___ is a distance-vector routing protocol limited to a maximum of 15 hops. |
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Definition
| Routing Information Protocol (RIP and RIPv2) |
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Term
| The ___ protocol required router updates every 30 seconds (huge traffic load on larger networks), and did not support router authentication, leaving it vulnerable to attacks. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ protocol added authentication to enable secure transmissions, and changed from a networkwide broadcast discovery method to a multicast method to reduce overall network traffic. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ ___ protocol can be used between gateway hosts on the Internet. It examines the routing table and chooses the best available route. |
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Definition
| Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) |
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Term
| BGP communicates between the routers using ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ ___ ___ Routing Protocol queries neighboring routers' routing tables to find the best possible route for transmissions to follow. |
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Definition
| Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) |
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Term
| ____ uses Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) to determine the best route to a destination. |
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Definition
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Term
| Routers using ___-___ protocols can be configured to send a triggered update if a change in the network topology is detected. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process by which routers learn of a change in the network topology is called ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ___ ___ occurs when the routing tables are slow to update and a redundant communication cycle is created between routers. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ ___ prevents routing loops by preventing the router from advertising a route back to the other router from which it was learned. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ ___ prevents routing loops by setting a hop count of infinity, which tells the node that the route is unreachable. |
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Definition
Poison reverse
(aka 'split horizon with poison reverse') |
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Term
| What are the three problems with distance-vector protocols? |
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Definition
slow convergence
high overhead
routing loops |
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Term
| In routing, ___ ___ is the next closest router that a packet can go through. |
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Definition
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Term
| A router that uses a ___-___ protocol builds a map of the entire network and then holds that map in memory. |
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Definition
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Term
| On a network that uses a link-state protocol, routers send link-state ___ with information about the networks to which they connect. These are sent to every router on the network so they can build their network maps. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False? With a link-state protocol, updates occur much less frequently than with distance-vector protocols. |
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Definition
True
Other than scheduled updates, updates are sent only if a change in the topology is detected. |
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Term
| Routers on link-state-based networks require more powerful ___ and more ___ than those on distance-vector-based networks. |
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Definition
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Term
| __ __ __ __ is a link-state routing protocol based on the Shortest Path First algorithm to find the least-cost path to any destination in the network. |
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Definition
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
In operation, each router using OSPF sends a list of its neighbors to other routers on the network. From this information, routers can determine the network design and the shortest path for data to travel. |
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Term
| __ ___-__ ___ is a link-state protocol that discovers the shortest path for data to travel using the shortest path first (SPF) algorithm. Routers distribute topology information to other routers, enabling them to make the best path decisions. |
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Definition
| Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) |
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Term
| OSPF is generally used in medium to large enterprise networks because of its special ___ features. |
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Definition
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Term
IS-IS is more often used in large ISP networks because of
its stability features and that it can support more ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ ___ protocol identifies the protocols used to exchange routing information between routers within a single LAN or interconnected LANs. |
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Definition
| Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) |
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Term
| IGP is not a protocol itself but describes a category of ___-___ routing protocols that support a single, confined geographic area such as a LAN. |
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Definition
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Term
| IGPs fall into two categories: ___-___ protocols, which include RIP and IGRP, and ___-___ protocols, which include OSPF and IS-IS. |
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Definition
distance-vector
link-state |
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Term
True or False?
IGPs are geographically confined |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ ___ protocol is used to route information outside the network, such as on the Internet. |
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Definition
| Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) |
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Term
| EGP is a ___-___ protocol commonly used between hosts on the Internet to exchange routing table information. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ ___ ___ is an example of an Exterior Gateway Protocol. |
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Definition
| Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) |
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Term
| A ___ ___ is the number of hops necessary to reach a node. |
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Definition
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Term
| A hop count of ___ means the route is unreachable. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ ___ ___ defines the largest data unit that can be passed without fragmentation. |
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Definition
| Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) |
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Term
| ___ specifies the maximum packet size permitted for Internet transmission. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ is a number associated with traveling from point A to point B (often hops). The lower the number (the fewer links in the route), the more that route should be favored. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is the amount of time it takes for a packet to travel from one location to another. |
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Definition
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