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Origin: Ligamentum Nuchae and Spinous Process of C7 thru T3
Insertion: Ribs 2 - 5 |
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Ventral Primary Rami |
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Origin: Spinous Process of T9-L3
Insertion: Ribs 9-12 |
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Ventral Primary Rami |
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Action Assits in Respiration
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Origin: Iliac Crest, Sacrum, Spinous Process of Lumbar Vertebrae, and Angles of Ribs
Insertion: Angle of Ribs |
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Origin: Blends with Iliocostalis, transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Transverse processes to the level of C2, Mastoid Process |
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Origin: Spinous Processes starting at L2
Insertion: Spinous Processes to the level of C2, fuses with Semispinalis and fuses to skull between the superior and inferior nuchal line. |
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Bilateral Extend the spine and neck
Unilateral Side bending of contractile side |
| Ventral Primary Rami |
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Origin: Transverse processes from C4 to T12
Insertion: Transverse processes to C2 (Spans of 4-6 vertebrae) and skull between the superior and inferior nuchal lines |
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Origin: Sacrum, Sacrotuberous ligament, Iliac Crest, and Transverse processes
Insertion: Spinous Process to the level of C2 (Spans 2-4 vertebrae) |
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Origin: Transverse Processes
Insertion: Attach to Lamina Spans 1(Brevis) or 2(Longus) vertebrae |
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Origin: Transverse Processes (C7-T4) and Ligamentum Nuchae
Insertion: Transverse processes of C1 - C3/4, Mastoid Process, and Superior Nuchal Line |
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Action Bilateral: Extension of Head and Neck
Unilateral: Side bending of neck and rotation of head. |
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A - Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor B - Rectus Capitis Posterior Major C - Obliquus Capitis Inferior D - Obliquus Capitis Superior |
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Origin: Spinous Process of C2
Insertion: Inferior Nuchal Line |
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Origin: Posterior Tubercle of C1
Insertion: Inferior Nuchal Line |
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Origin: Transverse Process of C1
Insertion: Between the Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines |
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Origin: Spinous Process of C2
Insertion: Transverse Process of C1 |
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Muscles include: Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, Rectus Capitis Posterior Major, Obliquus Capitis Superior, and Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Action: Maintains posture of the head, minor role in rotation and extension. |
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Obliquus Capitis Superior Obliquus Capitis Inferior Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
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Origin: Transverse Process of C7 - T11
Insertion: Angle of the Ribs |
| Dorsal Primary Rami |
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Action Aids in Respiration |
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Origin - Pubic Crest and Symphysis
Insertion - 5-7th Costal Cartilages and Xiphoid Process |
| Thoracoabdominal and Subcostal Nerves |
| Tendinous Intersections allows the muscle to contract segmentally (more control) and also provides an attachment for the Rectus Sheath. |
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Action Contracts and flexes the trunk, indirectly the vertebra as well. |
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Origin - Pubic Crest and Symphysis
Insertion - Linea Alba |
| Iliohypogastric (Branch from L1 VPR) and the Subcostal Nerves |
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Action Tenses the Linea Alba |
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Origin - External Surface of the 5th thru 12th Ribs and Thoracolumbar fascia. (Has interdigitation with the Seratus Anterior)
Insertion: Linea Alba, Lateral lip of the Iliac Crest to ASIS, and Pubic Tubercle |
| Subcostal and Thoracoabdominal Nerves |
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Action Primary - Compresses the Abdominal Contents Bilaterally - Causes Flexion of the Trunk Unilaterally - Rotation of the Trunk |
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Origin - Lateral 2/3 of Inguinal Ligament, Iliac Crest, and Thoracoabdominal Fascia
Insertion - Costal Cartilages of Ribs 7-10, Linea Alba, Pubic Crest, Pectineal Line, and Rectus Sheath |
| Thoracoabdominal, Subcostal, and Ilioinguinal Nerves |
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Action Primary - Compresses the contents of the abdomen Bilaterally - Flexion of the trunk Unilaterally - Rotation of the trunk Inferiorly - Compresses the Pubic Symphysis (Stabalizes the Pelvis) |
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Origin - Lateral 1/3 of the Inguinal Ligament, Medial Part of the Iliac Crest, Thoracolumbar Fascia, and Costal Cartilage of Ribs 7 - 12
Insertion - Linea Alba, Pectineal Line, and Pubic Crest |
| Thoracoabdominal, Subcostal, Iliohypogastric, and Ilioinguinal Nerves |
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Action Compression of the Abdomen
Stabalizes the Lumbar Spine
Compresses the Pubic Symphysis for Pelvic Compression / Stabalization |
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Origin: Fascia over Clavicle
Insertion: Lower border of mandible, Subcutaneous tissue of face, and interdigitates with facial muscles around mouth |
| Cervical branches of the Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII) |
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Action Depresses the angles of the mandible |
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Origin: Anterior Manubrium and Clavicular Head
Insertion: Mastoid Process |
| Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI) and APR of C2 thru C4 |
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Action Bilateral: Flexs the Neck and Extends the Head
Unilateral: Side bending of the Head and Rotation of the Head opposite to the way it bends |
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Origin: Anterior Tubercles of C3 thru C6
Insertion: Scalene Tubercle on Frist Rib |
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Origin: Transverse Process between the Anterior and Posterior Tubercle of C2 thru C7
Insertion: First Rib |
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Origin: Posterior Tubercles of C4 thru C6
Insertion: Second Rib |
| Segmentally by APR |
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Action Side bends the head and aids in respiration |
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Origin: Scapula just medial to the Suprascapular Notch
Insertion: Lower Border of Hyoid
The intermediate tendon is attached to the clavicle via the Fascial Sling |
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Origin: Deep border of the manubrium and the SC Joint
Insertion: Lower border of the hyoid |
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Origin: Deep side of the manubrium
Insertion: Oblique line of Thyroid Cartilage |
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Origin: Oblique Line of Thyroid Cartilage
Insertion: Lower Border of Hyoid Bone |
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Collective Function Depresses the hyoid bone for the purpose of swallowing and stabalizes the hyoid bone
Exception Sternothyroid: Depresses the thyroid cartilage and plays a role during phonation |
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Common Innervation Ansa Cervicalis Nerve
Exception Thyrohyoid - VPR of C1 |
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Origin: Digastric Fossa of Mandible
Insertion: Mastoid Notch
Fascial sling attaches the intermediate tendon to the hyoid bone |
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Anterior Belly: Third Branch of Cranial Nerve V
Posterior Belly: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII) |
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Origin: Styloid Process
Insertion: Hyoid Bone (Splits to go around the Digastric) |
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Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII) |
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Origin: Mylohyoid line on Mandible
Insertion: Hyoid Bone |
| Third Branch of Cranial Nerve V |
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Origin: Mental side of Mandible
Insertion: Hyoid Bone |
| APR of C1 |
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Elevates the hyoid
Stabalizes the base of the Tongue |
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Origin: Arch of Cricoid Cartilage
Insertion: Lamina of Thyroid Cartilage |
| External Laryngeal Nerve |
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Tilts the thyroid cartilage laterally
Tension on Vocal Cords |
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Origin: Ilium (Behind Posterior Gluteal Line), Sacrum, and Sacrotuberous Ligament
Insertion: Gluteal Tuberosity and Iliotibial Band |
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Innervation: Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Vasculature: Inferior Gluteal Artery |
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Action Extension of the Hip, Stabalization of the Hip, and Lateral Rotation |
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Origin: Ilium (Between the Posterior and Anterior Gluteal Lines)
Insertion: Lateral Surface of Greater Trochanter |
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Action Abduct the Hip If the foot is planted, can raise the opposite side of the pelvis Aids in Medial Rotation |
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Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve
Vasculature: Superior Gluteal Artery |
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Origin: Ilium (Between the Anterior and Inferior Gluteal Lines)
Insertion: Lateral Side of the Greater Trochanter |
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Action Abduction and Medial Rotation |
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Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve
Vasculature: Superior Gluteal Artery |
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Origin: Anterior Surface of Sacrum
Insertion: Superior, Medial Surface of Greater Trochanter |
| VPR of L5 - S2 |
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Action With Hip Extended: Lateral Rotation
With Hip Flexed: Abduction |
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Origin: Deep Surface of Obturator Membrane
Insertion: Medial Side of Greater Trochanter |
| Nerve to the Obturator Internus |
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Action With Hip Extended: Lateral Rotation
With Hip Flexed: Abduction |
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Origin: Ischial Spine
Insertion: Medial Side of the Greater Trochanter |
| Nerve to Obturator Internus |
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Action With Hip Extended: Lateral Rotation
With Hip Flexed: Abduction |
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Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
Insertion: Medial Side of Greater Trochanter |
| Nerve to Quadratus Femoris |
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Action With Hip Extended: Lateral Rotation
With Hip Flexed: Abduction |
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Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
Insertion: Intertrochanteric Crest |
| Nerve to Quadratus Femoris |
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Action Lateral Rotation |
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Origin: Superficial Side of Obturator Membrane
Insertion: Trochanteric Fossa |
| Obturator Nerve |
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Origin: Body of Pubis and Inferior Pubic Rami
Insertion: Superior Part of Posterior Medial Tibia |
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Action Adduction of Thigh at Hip Joint Flextion of Knee Joint |
| Obturator Nerve |
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Origin: Body of Pubis
Insertion: Middle Third of Line Aspera |
| Obturator Nerve |
| Adduction of Thigh at Hip Joint |
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Origin: Pectineal Line of Pubic Bone
Insertion: Pectineal Line of Femur |
| Obturator Nerve and Femoral Nerve |
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Action Adduction of Thigh at Hip Joint Hip Flexion |
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Origin: Body of Pubis and Inferior Pubic Ramus
Insertion: Pectineal Line and Proximal Third of Line Aspera |
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Obturator Nerve (Which splits to go around this muscle) |
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Action Adduction of Thigh at Hip Joint |
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This muscle has two divisions
Adductor Portion Origin: Ischiopubic Ramus Insertion: Linea Aspera and Medial Supracondyler Ridge
Hamstring Portion Origin: Ischial Tuberosity Insertion: Adductor Tubercle |
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This muscle has two divisions
Adductor Portion Obturator Nerve
Hamstring Portion Tibial Division of the Sciatic Nerve |
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This muscle has two divisions
Adductor Portion Adduction of Thigh at Hip Joint
Hamstring Portion Extension of Thigh at Hip Joint |
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Anterior Muscles of the Thigh: Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Vastus Intermedius |
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Origin: Straight Head: AIIS Reflected Head: Ilium above the Acetabulum
Insertion: Base of the Patella via the Quatricepts Tendon then conveyed to the Tibial Tuberosity via the Patellar Ligament |
| Femoral Nerve |
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Action Extension of Leg at Knee Joint
Flexion of Thigh at Hip Joint |
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Origin: Lateral Part of the Intertrochanteric Line and Lateral Lip of the Linea Aspera
Insertion: Base of the Patella via the Quatricepts Tendon then conveyed to the Tibial Tuberosity via the Patellar Ligament |
| Femoral Nerve |
| Extension of Leg at Knee Joint |
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Origin: Medial Part of the Intertrochanteric Line and Medial Lip of the Linea Aspera
Insertion: Base of the Patella via the Quatricepts Tendon then conveyed to the Tibial Tuberosity via the Patellar Ligament |
| Femoral Nerve |
| Extension of Leg at Knee Joint |
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Origin: Anterior and Lateral Surfaces of the Proximal 2/3's of the Femur
Insertion: Base of the Patella via the Quatricepts Tendon then conveyed to the Tibial Tuberosity via the Patellar Ligament |
| Femoral Nerve |
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Action Extension of Leg at Knee Joint |
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Origin: Deepest Fibers of the Vastus Intermedius
Insertion: Suprapatellar Bursa |
| Femoral Nerve |
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Action Tenses the bursa so that it is able to travel with the Quadricepts Tendon and Reduce Friction |
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Formed from Two muscles
Iliacus Origin: Iliac Fossa
Psoas Major Origin: Transverse Processes of Lumbar Vertebra, and Intervertebral Discs and Vertebral Bodies of T12-L4
Common Insertion Lesser Trochanter |
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Formed from two muscles
Iliacus Femoral Nerve
Psoas Major VPR of L1-L3 |
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Action Flexion of Hip |
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Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Medial Surface of Tibia |
| Femoral Nerve |
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Action 1 - Hip Flexion 2 - Knee Flexion 3 - External Rotates Hip |
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Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
Insertion: Posterior Medial Tibial Condyle and Continues to the Lateral Femoral Condyle via the Oblique Popliteal Ligament |
| Tibial Nerve |
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Action Hip Extension, Knee Flexion, Medial Rotation of the Leg |
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Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
Insertion: Medial Surface of the Tibia |
| Tibial Nerve |
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Action Hip Extension, Knee Flexion, and Medial Rotation of the Leg |
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Origin: Long Head: Ischial Tuberosity Short Head: Linea Aspera and Lateral Supracondyler Ridge
Insertion: Head of the Fibula, continuous with the Lateral Collateral Ligament |
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Long Head: Tibial Nerve Short Head: Common Fibular Nerve |
| Hip Extension, Knee Flexion (Not Short Head), Lateral Rotation of the Leg |
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Origin: Lateral Surface of the Proximal Third of Fibula
Insertion: Base of 1st Metatarsal and Medial Cuneiform |
| Superficial Fibular Nerve |
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Action Inversion of the Foot, Plantar Flexion |
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Origin: Lateral Surface of the distal 2/3 of Fibula
Insertion: Base of the 5th Metatarsal |
| Superficial Fibular Nerve |
| Plantar Flexion |
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Origin: Anterior Lateral Surface of the Tibia, Interosseous Membrane
Insertion: Base of the 1st Metatarsal and Medial Cuneiform |
| Deep Fibular Nerve |
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Action Dorsi Flexion, Inversion of the Foot |
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Origin: Middle 1/3 of Fibula, Interosseous Membrane
Insertion: Distal Phalanx of the First Digit |
| Deep Fibular Nerve |
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Action Extends the Toe, Assists in Dorsiflexion, Weak participant in Inversion |
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Origin: Fibula, Interosseous Membrane, and Lateral Tibial Condyle
Insertion: Digital Dorsal Expansions of lateral 4 toes |
| Deep Fibular Nerve |
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Action Extension at the Metatarsalpalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints |
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Origin: Anterior Distal Fibula
Insertion: Base of the 5th Metatarsal |
| Deep Fibular Nerve |
| Assists in Eversion and Dorsiflexion |
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Origin: Distal Femur, Just Proximal to the Medial and Lateral Condyles
Insertion: Calcaneus |
| Tibial Nerve |
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Action Plantar Flexion, Knee Flexion |
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Origin: Proximal Fibula, Soleal Line
Insertion: Calcaneus |
| Tibial Nerve |
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Action Plantar Flexion |
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Origin: Posterior Lateral Femur Superior to the Gastrocnemius
Insertion: Calcaneus |
| Tibial Nerve |
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Action Plantar Flexion, Knee Extension |
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Origin: Posterior Lateral Fibula
Insertion: Distal Phalanx of Great Toe |
| Tibial Nerve |
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Action Flex Great Toe, Assists in Holding Up Talus, Assists in Plantar Flexion |
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Origin: Interosseous Membrane, Edges of the Tibia and Fibula
Insertion: Bases of the 2nd - 4th Metatarsals, 3 Cuneiforms, Cuboid, and Navicular |
| Tibial Nerve |
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Action Inversion of the Foot Assits in Plantar Flexion |
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Origin: Posterior Tibia
Insertion: Distal Phalanges of Toes 2-5 |
| Tibial Nerve |
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Action Flex the IP Joints Assist in Plantar Flexion |