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Definition
You need a heparinized plasma tube (green top tube) or serum must be separated from the cells; NO Hemolysis
Use ISE (ion-selective electrode) to measure the amount of electrolyte present |
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Serum preferred
NO hemolysis
seperated from cells
no contact with air because of CO2 and bicarbonate interferences
Coulometric or Amperometric Titration: based on titration, silver will bind to chloride and you measure how much silver you used to bind the chloride and you know how much chloride you had. |
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| the process by which you collect sweat sample, you would do this in infants with CF or Cystic fibrosis |
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| How would you collect chloride from a pt with peptic or gastric ulcer? |
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Definition
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Definition
Increased bicarbonate from metabolic activity inside cells cause it to diffuse out and chloride to go inside the cell → lower plasma pH
o Cell pH > 7.4
o Plasma pH = 7.4
o Cl- enters cell
o HCO3- leaves cell
Increase in HCO3- raises cell pH |
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Definition
1st : Are we measuring venous or arterial because they are totally different in each?
2nd: If you leave the tube open for one hour you will lose 6 mmol/L (that is 20% of CO2)
3rd: The measurement of CO2 is different some labs measure only bicarbonate and some measure total CO2 |
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Definition
| convert all forms of CO2 to the gas form and then measure with ISE |
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Definition
| convert all forms of CO2 to bicarbonate and then measure the amount of HCO3 (ISE or enzymatic method) |
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Definition
33% bound to protein, 3% is gas, 64% HCO3 and H2CO3
We only measure HCO3 and H2CO3 |
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Term
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Definition
o Anion Gap = Na+ - (Cl- + CO2)
o Anion gap is a calculation of the difference between anions and cations in the blood
o Represents chemical anions other than those used in the formulas the might be present in the blood
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Bicarbonate
o Used to estimate acid-base and electrolyte disturbances
o In many types of metabolic acidosis, anion gap is increased (>20) due to deficit of bicarbonate ions and presence of organic acids, such as acetoacetic acid, lactate, salicylate, formate, and glycolate.
o Circumstances that cause increase in sodium relative to deficiency of anions such as bicarbonate will also increase anion gap. |
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Definition
o Process by which blood is exposed to an ambient gas phase in such a way that each gas partitions at equiliptium stage
o Blood gas measurement |
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Term
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Definition
1. Renal buffer
2. Pulmonary Buffer
3. Hb Buffer
4. H2PO4 - + H+ H3PO4
5. NH3 + H+ NH4+
6. Albumin
Histines H+ Acceptor |
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Definition
| = (oxygen content/oxygen capacity) X 100 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
o Sigmoidal curve
“Shift to the Left”
“Shift to the Right”
o pH
Acidic right
Basic left
o CO2, up pCO2 = acidic pH shift to right
o 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate up = shift to the right
Made in glycolysis
o Hypertheria = shift right
o Hypothermia = shift left |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Best anticoagulant for blood gases |
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Definition
Liquid Heperin
Don’t use things with acid
• EDTA, Citrate |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
o Hyponatremia
o Hypochlocemia
o Down in plasma osmolality |
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Definition
conc of solutes
o Electrolytes
o cH2O
o Waste Products
o Vitamins
o Drugs
o Hormones
o Dissolved in kg of solvent “pure H2O” |
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Term
| Plasma or Serum osmolality |
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Definition
| = [1.86 (Na+ mmol/L) + (glucose mg/dL)]/18 + (Urea nitrogen mg/dL)/2.8 + 9 |
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