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| the beginning stage of a chromosome |
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| A chromosome that carries the sex determining gene (2) |
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| Every chromosome BUT sex chromosomes (44) |
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| Two sets of chromosomes (2N) (not sex) |
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| One set of chromosomes (not sex) often gametes |
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| the gamete producing gland (ovaries or testis) |
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| Sex cells (like sperm or egg) when combined create zygote |
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| Diploid cell produced by fusion of egg and sperm. (a fertilized egg cell) |
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| Any cell other than a germ cell |
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Definition
| prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (cytokenesis) |
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Definition
| prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, prophase 2, metaphase 2, etc. Forms egg and sperm cells |
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Definition
| a pair of homologous chromosomes; 4 chromatids (p 1 meiosis) |
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| x crossing in chromosomes |
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Definition
| The exchange of genetic material -homologous - new combo of genes |
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Definition
| results in unequal cytokinesis, 1 ovum, 3 polar bodies |
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Definition
| During gamete formation a pair of genes are distributed into separate gametes |
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Definition
| lots of alleles with different gene sequences |
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Definition
| Heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes |
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Definition
| when neither of two alleles is dominant over the other, but the heterozygote is a blending of the two |
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| Underlying Principles of Evolution |
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Definition
| Individuals do not evolve. Populations evolve. |
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Definition
| Inheritance of acquired characteristics (giraffe) |
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| theory of uniformatarianism (earth changes, why not human/animals?). gave Darwin time frame of evolution. |
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Influenced by Thomas Malthus
trained for clergy; graduated with honors
nominated for naturalist
impressed by plant/animal breeders |
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| Some will survive (selected adaptive traits) others will not (survival of the fittest) |
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| Same views & ideas as Darwin |
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| Occurs when chance events influence the frequency of genes (evolutionary change) |
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| A few of a population colonize a new area colony that emerges have a smaller genetic variation the original (Darwin's finches) |
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| change in gene frequency that results when numbers in pop. are reduced & genetic variation is reduced, even if pop. rebuilds. |
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| Nature selects for/against phenotype |
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| nature selects against intermediate phenotype |
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| Nature selects against extreme (for intermediate) |
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| if two can breed & offspring can breed (are fertile) |
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| how new species are born (formed) |
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| occurs when subpopulations become isolated (river salmon) |
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| when organisms living together develop into 2 or more reproductively isolated groups without any prior isolation |
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