Term
| True or false: Arthorpoda are polyphyletic and related to annelids? |
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Definition
FALSE: they are monophyletic
FALSE: they are related to other ecdysozoan phyla and NOT annelids |
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Term
| most ancient extant group of arthorpods? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
("ten chubby cooks make hamburgers"
1) trilobitomorpha
2) chelicerata
3) crustacea
4) myriapoda
5) Hexopoda |
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Term
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Definition
| ("my pet arachnid") merostomata, arachnida, pycnogonida |
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Term
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Definition
("my brother makes rude comments")
malacostraca (crabs, lobsters)
brachiopoda (fairy shrimp, water fleas)
maxillopoda (barnacles & copepods)
Remipedia (cave dwellers)
cephalocarida (marine) |
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Term
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Definition
diplopoda (millipeds)
chilopoda (centipedes) |
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Term
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Definition
entognatha (spring tails)
insecta |
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Term
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Definition
| sub crustcea: crabs and lobsters |
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Term
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Definition
| sub crustacea; fair shrimp and water fleas |
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Term
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Definition
| sub: crustacea; barnacles and copepods |
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Term
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Definition
| sub crustacea; cave dwelling crustaceans |
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Term
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Definition
| sub crustacea: marine crustaceans |
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Term
| 6 things important about arthorpods |
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Definition
pollination
food: humans & other species
disease vectors
pests of argiculture, silvicultre and natural ecosystems
pest management
model organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| is the moulting of the cuticula in many invertebrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary body cavity of most invertebrates, containing circulatory fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| pair of mobile appendages used for sensory info |
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Term
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Definition
| modification of exoskeleton into series of internal plates that are a surface of gas exchange between blood and air (found in spiders) |
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Term
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Definition
| modification of horsehoe crab exoskeleton into a series of leaf like plates that are a surface for gas exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| developement of the head wiht an accumulation of nervous tissue into the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the 2 pairs of anterior appendages of arachnids, may be pincer like or modified for piercing/ sucking |
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Term
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Definition
| skeleton that forms on outside of body |
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Term
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Definition
| used to immobilize prey and feed |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the digestive tract of crustaceans. muscular tube with sharp spines on the inside used to crack food items like shelled diatoms |
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Term
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Definition
| paired, grinding and tearing arthropod mouthpieces, derived from anterior head appendages |
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Term
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Definition
| pair of mouthparts just posterior to the mandibles are arthropods |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd pair of appendages of chelicerate arthropod, sensory in function |
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Term
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Definition
| used for prey immobilization (like claws) |
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Term
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Definition
| series of body units that may be extremely similar to or quite different eachother |
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Term
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Definition
| metameric structures that have evolved from a common form |
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Term
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Definition
| openings for ventilation in trachea system of arthrpod |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized body regions of a metameric aniaml |
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Term
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Definition
| small tubes that carry air from spiracles thru body cavity of arthorpod (modifications of EXOSKELETON) |
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Term
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Definition
| subphylum chelicerates: horsehoe crabs giant water scorpions |
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Term
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Definition
| sub chelicerates: sea spiders |
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Term
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Definition
| sub chelicerata: spiders! |
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Term
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Definition
| scorpions (arachnids--> chelicerata) |
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Term
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Definition
| daddy long legs/harvestmen (arachnids--> chelicerata) |
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Term
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Definition
| spiders (arachnids--> chelicerata) |
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Term
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Definition
| mites and ticks (arachnids--> chelicerata) |
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Term
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Definition
| excretatory glands of arachnids (for collecting and excreting urine) |
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Term
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Definition
| system is a type of excretory and osmoregulatory system found in some (Insects and Myriapoda, arachnids and tardigrades. |
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Term
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Definition
| chiggers--> acarnia (ectoparastitsm) |
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Term
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Definition
| follicle mites --> acarnia (ectoparastitsm) |
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Term
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Definition
| scabies --> acarnia (ectoparastitsm) |
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Term
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Definition
| lymes disease --> acarnia (disease vectors) |
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Term
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Definition
| rocky mountain fever --> acarnia (disease vectors) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| class malacostraca subphylum crustacea |
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Term
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Definition
| class malacostraca subphylum crustacea |
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Term
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Definition
| class malacostraca subphylum crustacea (crabs&lobsters) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| brine shrimp that live in hypersaline lakes |
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Term
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Definition
| low metabolic rate in embryos of brine shrimp allowing them to survive dessication of years! |
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Term
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Definition
| water fleas can undertake phentotypic plasticity in response to predators |
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Term
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Definition
| structure on daphnia that grows spikes in response to copepods |
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Term
| when did insects invade land? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when it has only one branch (hexpapods and myriapods) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
diplopoda: millipedes
chilopoda: centipedes
paurapoda
symphyla |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| glands that secrete cyanida in millipedes |
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Term
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Definition
sub: hexapoda
3 groups: collembola (springtails), protura and diplura |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| posterior appendage of springtails loaded and released |
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Term
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Definition
| pull wing down--> SYNCHRONOUS stimulation. A nerve fire to trigger muscle contraction with each wingstroke |
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Term
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Definition
| change the shape of the thorax (which indirectly moves wing up or down) and does ASYNCHRONOUS stimulation where nerves start the process but muscles contract and relax independantly of nerves (FASTER) |
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Term
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Definition
| tubes that bring air in from the ouside, branch into tracheoles that end at individual cells |
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Term
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Definition
| body temperature=ambient temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| elevated body temperatures |
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Term
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Definition
| intermediate stages between egg and adult are similar to adult |
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Term
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Definition
| intermediate stages between egg and adult are DIFFERENT to adult |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| trigger a receptor mediated behaviroual and physicological event |
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Term
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Definition
| blastopore becomes anus, and second pore becomes the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
echinodermata
hemichordata
chordata |
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Term
| echinodermata (5 classes) |
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Definition
asteroidea (sea stars)
ophiuroidea (basket)
echinoidea (urchins)
holothuroidea (cukes)
crinoidea (lilles) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
urochordata (tunicates)
cephalochordata
craniata |
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Term
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Definition
notocord
pharyngeal slits
dorsal tubular nerve cord
postanal tail |
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Term
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Definition
| little projection of oral hood of cephalochordates |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hagfish & vertebrates (chordata) |
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Term
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Definition
respirtatory trees out anus
no arms
tube feet surrounding mouth
no spines or pedicellare
microscopic embedded in dermis |
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Term
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Definition
globular or disc
absent arms
moveable spine
closely fitted plates
mouth oriented substrate
venom |
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Term
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Definition
branched arms
tube feet lack suction discs
modified skeleon |
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Term
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Definition
| thin, outer layer of bivalve |
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Term
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Definition
| one of two pairs of anterior appendages of arachnids, may be pincher like or modified for piercing and sucking |
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Term
| biological pest control ( 2ways) |
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Definition
using other animals to kill pests
1)predatory insects: lacewings, ladybirds, hover fly larva kill aphids!
2) insects control plants
ex: vedalia ladybeetles and parastitic flies control cottony cushion insects that attack citrus trees
ex: leaf beetle controls purple loosesrife and alligator weed flea beetles control alligator weed
bad ex: seed feeding weevils control exotic thistles but also our natie species |
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Term
| natural and synthetic pesticides |
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Definition
1) natural: Bacillus thuringiensis
2) hormone mimics
3) pheromones
4) exoskeletion disruptors |
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Term
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Definition
| a soil bacterium that produces proteins that are toxic to specific insect pests (spray spores or use gene for BT) |
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Term
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Definition
| alter ecdysone or juvenille hormone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| discuss the nervous& sensory systems (including cephalization) among phyla |
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Definition
1) porifera: individual cells respond to stimulus
2) cnidarians: nerve net
3) ctenophora: nerve net
4) playhelminthes: anterior ganglia "brain" and longitudinal nerve chords
5) annelids: supraphayngeal ganglia, PROSTOMIUM, segmental ganglia: nerve cell bodies (small and giant fibers)
5) molluscs: bivalvia&gastropods: nerve net&nerve cord
cephalopods: BRAIN, eyes, crytic coloration
7) Arthorpods:ventral nervous system, highly evolved brain, sensory: eyes:ocellar, compound or simple,antenna
chelicerata: fused head &thorax
arachnids(ticks/mites): fused cephalothorax and abdomen
8) Echinodermata: extensive nervous system: nerve net and nerve ring, radial nerve
9) chordata: dorsal tubular nerve cord |
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Term
| discuss respiration across phyla |
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Definition
1) protists: use choanocytes to generate water currents
2) platyhelmites: diffusion across tegument
3) annelids: respiratory pigments (red/green), hemoglobin and parapods function as gills to improve gas exchagne
4) mollusca: gastropods can have gills or lungs
5) arthropods: aquatic have gills, terrestrial have trachea with spiracules, merestomata: book gills, arachnida: book lungs
6) echinoderms: WVS and tube feet for gas exchange
7) hemichordata: breath across surface, ciliated pharyngeal slits
8) chordata: pharyngeal slits/pouches, a pharynx |
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Term
| discuss circulatory system |
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Definition
1) porifera: diffusion of cells
2) cnidarians: ring canal, gastrovascular cavity
3) platyhelminthes: (turbellaria,monogea,trematoda: GV cavity), (cestoda: diffusion)
4) Nermertea: closed vasc
5) annelids: closed circ. vessels + pseudohearts
6) mollusc, Gastropods (2 chamebered heart) and bivalves (2 auricles, ventricle) both have OPEN circulatory system
-cephalopods have CLOSED vessels
7) Arthorpods: Resp+circ=separate, hemocoel!, OPEN circ with blood draining into hemocoel sinus
8) Echinoderms: WVS, open reduced circ system with no true heart, hemal ring circulates fluid with cilia
9) hemichordata: OPEN
10) chordata: ventral contractile vessel (heart), very complex circulatory sytem |
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Term
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Definition
1)Protists: can do sexual, schizogony and binary fission
2) proifera: asexual budding thru gremule fragmentation or sexual (monoecious): eggs and sperm from amoeboid cells at diff times -->flag larvae indirect
3) cnidarians are diocecious w AOG, sex: medusa, asex: polyp -->indirect planula larva
4) cnetophora: monoecious
5) platyhelminthes: turbellaria: fission (direct) and cestoidea has proglottids and is protandrous -->ciliated larvae= indirect
6) annelids: dioecious and mono (self is rare b/c gonopore juxt), polychates: regeneration, asex (transverse fission) and sex, clitellata is diecious w internal or external fert
7) molluscs: gastropods: external,marine,dioecious/internal,terres,mono and protandrous!
8) arthorpods: sexual and direct
9) echinoderms do sexual and fragmentation -->larva=bilaterally sym
10) hemichordates: sexual, dioecious -->tornaria larvae=indirect
11) cephalochordates: dioecious |
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Term
| phylum hemichordata characteristics |
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Definition
1.deuterostomeate body in 3 regions (probiscus, collar, trunk)
2. ciliated pharyngeal slits
3. open circulatory system
4. complete digestive tract
5. dorsal, tubular nerve cord |
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Term
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Definition
1) protists: chemoorganotrophic, hunters,parasites,symbionts *cytopharyx
2) proifera: siphon surrounds H20 with choanocytes,filtration, amoeboid cells
3) ctenophora: GV cavity, colloblasts
4) platyhelminthes: turbellaria: free living, diverse gut&pharynx
cestodes: lack mouth and digestive track, absorb across tegument
5) nematode: complete digestive tract: ANUS!
6) annelids: digestive circuits pass thru each septum, siboglinodea: digenerate GI
7) molluscs: bivalves: siphons to filter feed, gastropods: radula, cephalopods: jaws, active predators, tentacles grab food, radula shoves in mouth
8) arthropods: arachnids: fangs, carniverous
insecta: specialized mouth parts
sea urchins: use pedicellarae to bring food to mouth
9) echinoderms: WVS, Asteroidea: predatory, oral surface down, 2 stomachs
sea urchins: use pedicellarae to bring food to mouth
10) hemichordata: complete digestive tract, probiscus |
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