Term
|
Definition
| Term: Cuts made when dissecting. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: Loose connective tissue beneath skin. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: When dissecting, to cut across a structure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: When dissecting, to fold back parts such as skin to reveal other parts. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When dissecting, if the terms right and left are used, who's right/left are they referring to? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: Refers to the side of the body or organ in question. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: Refers to the center of body or organ in question. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: Refers to lying over a part referred to and nearer to the body surface. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: Refers to lying beneath and farther away from body surface. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: According to humans, this refers to the upper, or head end of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: According to humans, this refers to the lower parts of a body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: According to humans, this refers to the belly surface. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: According to humans, this refers to the back side. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: According to quadrupeds (Four legged walkers), this refers to the underside of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: According to quadrupeds (four legged walkers), this refers to the backside. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term(s): These two terms refer towards the head end. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: Referred to as towards the tail end of body. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Refers to the end farthest away from some point of reference. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: Refers to end nearest point of reference. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: Section in longitudinal plane of body passing from middle of back to middle of body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Term: Section that is longitudinal but passes from middle of right side to middle of left side. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Section that crosses the longitudinal axis of body at right angles. |
|
|
Term
1. Frontal Plane
2. Saggital Plane
3. Transverse Plane |
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Definition
|
|
Term
1. Superior
2. Posterior
3. Anterior
4. Lateral
5. Medial
6. Inferior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Pither - Caused frog to be braindead
2. Skinner - Skinned the frog to reveal muscles
3. Dabber - Kept frog muscles moist
4. Stimulator - Stimulated frog muscles |
|
Definition
| When we performed the frog muscles experiment, we had groups of four with each person performing a specific role. What were the titles of these roles and what did they do? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The egg shell and egg membrane are ____ but permeable to ___. |
|
|
Term
1. Amnion
2. Allantois
3. Chorion
4. Yolk Sac
5. Yolk
6. Albumen
7. Shell
8. Amniotic cavity/fluid
9. Embryo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which phylum is closely related to Phylum Chordata? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of reproduction do Echinoderms have? Sexual/Asexual? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What system is extremely important in the Echinoderms for locomotion, attachment, and feeding? |
|
|
Term
| Adults have pentaradial symmetry but the first (larva) stage is bilateral. |
|
Definition
| Why is the echinoderms' symmetry described as "secondary radial symmetry?" |
|
|
Term
| Yes, but simplified. Some lack an anus. |
|
Definition
| Do Echinoderms have a complete digestive tract? |
|
|
Term
35 ossicles and associated muscles used for feeding.
Used by Sea Urchins |
|
Definition
| Describe an Aristotle's Lantern and what uses this? |
|
|
Term
1. Notochord
2. Pharyngeal Slits at some point in life
3. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord |
|
Definition
| Name the three distinguishing features of Chordata. |
|
|
Term
Salps are free living
Tunicates become attached after free living larva stage |
|
Definition
| What is the difference between salps and tunicates (both subphylum Urochordata)? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| True/False: One group of urochordate maintains tadpole like structure as an adult. |
|
|
Term
| Tunic; cellulose-like material |
|
Definition
What is the structure that covers the surface of an adult tunicate/sea squirt?
What material makes up this animal (this is a rare condition in animals)? |
|
|
Term
Incurrent Siphon;
Outcurrent Siphon |
|
Definition
| A sea squirt takes in water through a(n) ______ and out through a(n) ______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The water passed through a sea squirt filters through a ____ that has numerous ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Region of first part of complete digestive tract with gill slits. |
|
|
Term
| Lancelet (Amphioxus or Branchiostoma) |
|
Definition
| Which organism of Phylum Cephalochordata did we study? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: The segmental spinal column made up of these. |
|
|
Term
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Trunk
4. Postanal tail |
|
Definition
| Name the four distinct regions of a vertebrate body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The internal skeleton that comprises the vertebrate body is made of ____ or ____. |
|
|
Term
Epidermis; Dermis;
Hair,feathers, glands, scales, claws |
|
Definition
| The vertebrata have a body covering of two layers, the ____ and ____, with various derivatives such as... |
|
|
Term
1. Gills - amphibians
2. Lungs - reptiles
3. Body surface - frogs |
|
Definition
| Name the three types of respiration that occurs in vertebrates, and give an example of a class/animal that uses it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The embryonic ectoderm derives the ______. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: The epidermis in some animals secretes a protective layer called a _____. |
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|
Term
1. Dessication
2. Temperature extremes
3. Friction/abrasion in movement on land
4. Support of body
5. Transfer of sperm in fertilization
6. Protection of young in development |
|
Definition
| Name the six disadvantages of a terrestrial lifestyle that required adaptation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: The thick, inner dermis derives from the ______. |
|
|
Term
Epithelial;
Basal, germinative |
|
Definition
| The epidermis consists of layers of ______ cells that arise from the ____ or _____ layer. |
|
|
Term
Dense fibrous tissue;
Blood Vessels |
|
Definition
| The dermis consists primarily of ____ ____ ____ tissue which contains the ____ _____, nerves of skin, and glands that have grown into the dermis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: The epidermis and dermis give rise to other structures known as ______. |
|
|
Term
Epidermal derivatives;
Dermal derivatives |
|
Definition
Derivatives arising from the epidermis are called ______ ______.
Derivatives arising from the dermis and are called ______ ______. |
|
|
Term
Proteinaceous;
Horny, cornified, keratinaceous |
|
Definition
| Epidermal derivatives are characterized by being cellular (glands) or _______ (including these three kinds: _____, _____, _____) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dermal derivatives are usually described as being what? |
|
|
Term
| Fish scales, deer antlers |
|
Definition
| Name two examples of dermal derivatives. |
|
|
Term
1. Eye/Nictitating Membrane/Eyelids
2. External Nares
3. Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)
4. Mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Infolded, transparent extension of margin of lower eyelid. |
|
|
Term
1. Fingers
2. Hand
3. Wrist
4. Forearm
5. Upper arm
6. Elbow joint
7. Anus
8. Thigh
9. Knee
10. Ankle
11. Foot
12. Toes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It continually produces new cells that push out towards the surface, eventually becoming flatter and harder. |
|
Definition
| Why is the basal layer of the skin also called the germinative layer? |
|
|
Term
Slime glands;
Poison glands |
|
Definition
| In frogs, what type of glands keep the skin moist? What are the glands that produce a substance irritable to other animals called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Layer of secreting cells that surround glands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: The fibers that make up fibrous tissue are in turn made up by cells called ______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The subcutaneous layer is usually made up of ______ ______. |
|
|
Term
1. Hair shaft/sheath
2. Sebaceous glands
3. Sweat glands |
|
Definition
| Name three common derivatives of the epidermal skin layer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is located in the central canal of the bone? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Frog Embryo Early Gastrula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Frog embryo Yolk Plug Gastrula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Psuedostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Simple Columnar Epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Frog Embryo - Nueral Groove Stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Starfish - Blastula Stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Skull
Vertebral Column
Ribs
Sternum |
|
Definition
| The axial skeleton consists of what four parts? |
|
|
Term
Cranium
Sense Capsules
Visceral Skeleton |
|
Definition
| What three parts make up the skull? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Structures supporting and protecting eye, ear, and olfactory organs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: This consists of jaw bones and supports for floor of mouth, gills, pharynx, and larynx. |
|
|
Term
Gastrocnemius
Tibialis anticus and peroneus |
|
Definition
| Which two muscles are responsble for moving the foot? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the function of the Gastrocnemius? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the function of the Tibialis anticus and peroneus? |
|
|
Term
Semimembranosus
Triceps femoris |
|
Definition
| Which two muscles are responsible for moving the lower leg? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the function of the Semimembranosus? |
|
|
Term
| Extension of the lower leg |
|
Definition
| What is the function of the Triceps femoris? |
|
|
Term
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi |
|
Definition
| Which two muscles are responsible for moving the arms? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the function of the Pectoralis Major? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the function of the Latissimus Dorsi? |
|
|
Term
Depressor Mandibularis
Masseter Major |
|
Definition
| Which two muscles are responsible for moving the jaw? |
|
|
Term
| Depression of the jaw (mandible) |
|
Definition
| What is the function of the Depressor Mandibularis? |
|
|
Term
| Levator of the jaw (mandible) |
|
Definition
| What is the function of the Masseter Major? |
|
|
Term
| False, just the opposite. |
|
Definition
| True or False: The pharynx sits anteriorily to the larynx in the throat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Surrounds and protects spinal cord portion of nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Structures that project laterally from vertebrae; these help protect viscerae and in some animals aid in respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Ventral projection to heart and lungs. |
|
|
Term
Pectoral girdle
upper limbs
Pelvic girdle
Lower limbs |
|
Definition
| What are the four parts of the appendicular skeleton? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the purpose of the pectoral girdle? |
|
|
Term
| Supports and attaches leg bones to axial skeleton. |
|
Definition
| What is the purpose of the pelvic girdle? |
|
|
Term
Protection of soft organs
Support
Locomotion |
|
Definition
| What are the three functions of the skeletal system? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Fusion of bones that does not allow any movement (immovable joints) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ____ ____ are bumps on the skull that articulate with the atlas. |
|
|
Term
Immovable
Slightly movable
Freely movable |
|
Definition
| Name the three types of joints. |
|
|
Term
| White fibrous connective tissue |
|
Definition
| Immovable joints are held firmly together by ___ ___ ___ ___, or actual bony fissions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Give an example of an immovable joint. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slightly movable joints are joined by ____. |
|
|
Term
| Pubic Symphysis (for childbirth) and vertebrae |
|
Definition
| Give an example of a slightly movable joint. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Freely movable joints are also known as ____ joints. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendons attach ___ to ___. |
|
|
Term
Ball and socket: (shoulder and hip)
Condyloid: (metacarpals - phalanges)
Hinge: (knee, between phalanges)
Plane: (between vertebrae)
Radial/pivotal: (between atlas and axis) |
|
Definition
| Name the 5 types of freely movable joints and give an example of each. |
|
|
Term
| Movement in any direction including rotation |
|
Definition
| Describe ball and socket joint movement. |
|
|
Term
| Movement in any direction except rotation. |
|
Definition
| Describe condyloid joint movement. |
|
|
Term
| Bending movement in one direction only |
|
Definition
| Describe hinge joint movement. |
|
|
Term
| Sliding movement between flat surfaces |
|
Definition
| Describe plane joint movement |
|
|
Term
| Rotation of one bone on another |
|
Definition
| Describe radial or pivotal joint movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The less movable end, or point of anchorage, of the muscle is called the ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The place where a muscle fastens to the bone is called the ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A muscle that straightens out a joint is called a(n)___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The thin layer of tissue that pulls skin back into place is called ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Muscle movement bringing body parts away laterally from body. |
|
|
Term
| Proteins stay but the mineral salts that cause rigidity are eaten away. |
|
Definition
| Why is a bone soaked in acid so flexible? |
|
|
Term
| Proteins are eaten away, salt stays and it is very non-flexible. |
|
Definition
| What happens when a bone is base treated? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The long part of the bone is called the ___, and this encloses the ___ ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ends of the bones are also called ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ___ ___ covers the end of the bones and cushions them at the joints. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cartilage growth zone of the bone, the ___ ___, allows for growth of bones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ___ is a thin membraneous covering to the bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The intercellular material of bone is laid down in layers called ___. |
|
|
Term
Concentric lamellae
Haversion canal |
|
Definition
| A haversion system of the bone consists of ___ ___ around the ___ ___. |
|
|
Term
| Canniculi "little canals" |
|
Definition
| The wavy dark lines extending from lacunae in bones are called ___. |
|
|
Term
| Pathways for exchange of food and wastes between blood capillaries and osteocytes |
|
Definition
| What is the function of canniculi? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Cells that make up fibrous connective tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first stages of embryos (two-sixteen cell stages) are called the ___ ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Once an embryo reaches the sixteen cell stage, it is called the ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The top part of the embryo is called the ___ ___, while the bottom part is the ___ ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: This type of muscle is found just beneath the skin and is attached to bones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is skeletal muscle striated/not striated and voluntary/involuntary? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscle myofibrils are made up of protein filaments called ___ and ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscle tissue found in the walls of the gut and other organs are ___ ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Visceral muscles are also known as ___ ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The origin of a muscle is usually ___, or closer to the midline of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The insertion of a muscle is usually further away on the limb, or ___. |
|
|
Term
| Action (extension, flexion, adduction, abduction) |
|
Definition
| Movement at the joint is known as the ___. Examples of this includes: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: When a body part is bent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Muscle responsible for flexion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: A body part is straightened out. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Movement of body part being brought closer to midline. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Muscle responsible for movement of adduction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Movement of body part away from midline. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Muscle responsible for abduction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Muscles working together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Muscles working in opposition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Smallest unit of matter that is considered alive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: When a cell becomes specializd, it is said to ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Grout pof similar cells working together to perform some function. |
|
|
Term
Epithelial: line cavities, form glands, and cover surfaces
Connective: support and connect
muscular: specialized to contract/shorten for movement
Nervous: conduct signals |
|
Definition
| Name the four types of tissue and their functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Group of tissues working together to perform some complex function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Group of organs working together to perform a complex activity. |
|
|
Term
Digestive system
Circulatory system
etc |
|
Definition
| Give an example of an organ system. |
|
|
Term
| Line are sacks of lungs, blood vessles, and lymphatic vessels |
|
Definition
| Where is simple squamous epithelium found? |
|
|
Term
| Allows passage of materials by diffusion or filtration |
|
Definition
| What is the funtion of simple squamous epithelium? |
|
|
Term
Kidney tubules
Liver
Ducts
Glands
Surface of ovary |
|
Definition
| Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium? |
|
|
Term
| Lines stomach, intestine, and gall bladder |
|
Definition
| Where in the dody can you find simple columnar epithelium? |
|
|
Term
| Absorption and enzyme secretion |
|
Definition
| What is the function of simple columnar epithelium? |
|
|
Term
| Lines esophagus, mouth, vagina, and epidermis |
|
Definition
| Where in the body is stratified squarmous epithelium found? |
|
|
Term
| Protects underlying tissues in areas subjest to abrasion. |
|
Definition
| What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium? |
|
|
Term
| Scattered cells and much intercellular matrix |
|
Definition
| Connective tissues are characterized by... |
|
|
Term
Homologous chromosomes
Prophase I |
|
Definition
| Crossing over occurs in ___ ___ during ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Location of a gene on a chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Process of producing new cells |
|
|
Term
Mitosis: somatic cell division
Meiosis: gamete cell division |
|
Definition
| Name the two types of cell division. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Process of producing mature sperm and eggs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Process of sperm production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Process of egg production. |
|
|
Term
| Chromatin/Chromatin "net" |
|
Definition
| Term: Genetic material when cell is not dividing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: resting stage of cell cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interphase makes up about ___ of the cell cycle, and mitosis makes up about ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Division of a cell's cytoplasm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the chromatin condense during mitosis/meiosis, they form distinct bodies called ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the process of ___, a haploid sperm fertilizes a haploid egg to form a diploid ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At the end of mitosis, the four daughter cells are identical/not identical? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At the end of meiosis, the four daughter cells are identical/not identical? |
|
|
Term
G: First growth stage, newly formed cells grow
S: DNA replication to form sister chromatids
G2: Second growth stage, prepare for next division |
|
Definition
| Name the three phases of interphase and what occurs during each. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each chromosome consists of two identical ___, joined by a ___. |
|
|
Term
Centrioles
Spindle apparatus |
|
Definition
| In prophase, the ___ migrate to opposite sides and form the ___ ___. |
|
|
Term
| Chromosomes line up at equator |
|
Definition
| What happens during metaphase? |
|
|
Term
| Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles |
|
Definition
| What happens during Anaphase? |
|
|
Term
Spindle apparatus disappears
Nucleolus appears, nuclear membrane appears, chromosomes return to chromatin state, and cll bgins to pinch in middle (cleavage furrow). |
|
Definition
| What five events occur during Telophase? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In humans, and egg is ____ times bigger than a sperm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduction division occurs when? |
|
|
Term
Genetic recombination
Variation for natural selection to act upon. |
|
Definition
| Crossing over is a form of ___ ___ and incrases what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Brief resting stage between meiosis I and II |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| After meiosis II, spermatids undergo the process of ___, becoming more streamlined and adding a flagellum. |
|
|
Term
Spermatogonium
Primary Spermatocyte |
|
Definition
| What stages of spermatogenesis are diploid? |
|
|
Term
Secondary spermatocytes
Spermatids
Spermatozoa |
|
Definition
| What stages of spermatogenesis are haploid? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the sperm we are most familiar with actually called? |
|
|
Term
| Spermatogonium-Primary Spermatocyte-Secondary Spermatocyte-Spermatid- Spermatozoa |
|
Definition
| List the stages of spermatogenesis in order. |
|
|
Term
| Oogonium-Primary oocyte-secondary oocyte(ovum/polar body)/polar body (2 polar bodies) |
|
Definition
| List the stages of Oogenesis in order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The size ratio of the ovum to a polar body is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The growth of the oogonium into a primary oocyte occurs during the ___ ___. |
|
|
Term
| Secondary oocyte and ovum |
|
Definition
| Which stages of Oogenesis can be fertilized? |
|
|
Term
Different: Polar bodies cannot be fertilized, ovum has more cytoplasm
Same: same number of chromosomes |
|
Definition
| What is the difference between the ovum and polar bodies? what is the same? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What product of oogenesis cannot be fertilized? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which stages of oogenesis are diploid? |
|
|
Term
Secondary oocyte
Polar body
Ovum |
|
Definition
| What stages of oogenesis are Haploid? |
|
|
Term
Blastula
1. Animal Pole
2. Vegetal Pole
3. Blastocoel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Early Gastrula
Archenteron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Neural Plate (Figure)
1. Archenteron
2. Notochord
3. Nueral Plate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Foramen Magnum
2. Occipital Condyle
3. External Acoustic Meatus
4. Hard Palate
5. Soft Palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Late Gastrula
1. Archenteron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Nueral Plate Stage
1. Neural Plate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Frog Larva Embryo
1. Yolk
2. Heart
3. Notochord
4. Spinal Cord
5. Digestive Tract
6. Brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Peritoneum
2. Tendon
3. Synovial Membrane
4. Synovial Fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Depressor Mandibularis
2. Latissimus Dorsi
3. Semimembranosus
4. Triceps Femoris
5. Gastrocnemius
6. Peroneus
7. Tibialis Anticus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Pectoralis Major
2. Rectus Abdominis
3. Triceps Femoris
4. Gastrocnemius
5. Tibialis Anticus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Depressor Mandibularis
2. Masseter Major |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Periosteum
2. Bone Marrow
3. Epiphyseal Plate
4. Articular Cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1. Fertilization Membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Healthy Lung
(Simple Ciliated Columnar Epithelium) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lung with cancer
(Broken off cilia) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lung Cancer
1. Cancer cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Umbilical Cord
1. Umbilical Arteries
2. Allantoic Stalk
3. Umbilical Vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Mammary Papillae
2. Preputial Orifice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Mammary Papillae
2. Genital Papilla |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Sweat Gland
2. Hair Shaft
3. Epidermis
4. Arrector Pili Muscle
5. Dermis
6. Subcutaneous (Fat) Layer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Intervertebral Foramen (for spinal nerve)
2. Vertebral Body (Centrum)
3. Intervertebral Disc |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Spinous Process
2. Vertebral Canal
3. Vertebral Body (Centrum) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Compact Bone
2. Articular Cartilage
3. Spongy Bone
4. Bone Marrow
5. Medullary Cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Parotid Gland
2. Masseter
3. Mandibular Gland
4. Mandibular Duct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Oral Cavity
2. Oral Pharynx
3. External Nostrils
4. Hard Palate with Rugae
5. Soft Palate
6. Entrance to Nasal Pharynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Conchae
2. Esophagus
3. Trachea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Pleural Cavity
2. Visceral Pleura
3. Parietal Pleura
4. Parietal Pericardium
5. Visceral Pericardium
6. Pericardial Cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Larynx
2. Trachea
3. Thyroid Gland
4. Thymus
5. Lung |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Terminal Bronchiole
2. Respiratory Bronchiole
3. Capillary
4. Aveolus
5. Aveolar Sac
6. Capillary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Liver
2. Gall Bladder
3. Common Bile Duct
4. Kidney
5. Caecum
6. Umbilical Vein
7. Pyloric Valve/Pylorus
8. Spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Small Intestine
1. Serosa
2. Villus
3. Longitudinal Muscles
4. Circular Muscles
5. Mucosa
6. Submucosa
7. Lumen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Tropomyosin
2. Troponin
3. Calcium Binding Site
4. Actin
5. Crossbridge Binding Sites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mammal Epidermis
(note hair follicles) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Canine
2. 1st Premolar
3. 1st Molar
4. Wisdom Tooth
(I didn't mark Incisor... Sorry! Remember 2 front teeth = incisors) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Caudal Fin
2. Dorsal Fin
3. Pectoral Fin
4. Operculum
5. Pelvic Fin
6. Anal Fin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. External Acoustic Meatus
2. Auricle
3. Eyelid
4. Nictitating Membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. External Nostrils
2. Wrist
3. Hoof
4. Umbilical Cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Knee
2. Anus
3. Ankle
4. Hoof |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Parietal Bone
2. Occipital Bone
3. Temporal Bone
4. External Acoustic Meatus
5. Mandible
6. Maxilla
7. Spenoid (not required)
8. Frontal Bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Mandible
2. Nasal Bone
3. Orbit
4. Frontal Bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Parietal Bone
2. Temporal Bone
3. External Acoustic Meatus
4. Occipital Bone
5. Mastoid Process |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Canniculi
2. Osteocyte
3. Lacuna |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Humerous
2. Radius
3. Carpals
4. Metacarpals
5. Ulna |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Phalanges
2. Scapula
3. Ribs
4. Tibia
5. Patella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Fibula
2. Femur
3. Sacrum
4. Illium
5. Lumbar Vertebrae (5)
6. Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
7. Cervical Vertebrae (7) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Nerve cord
2. Notochord
3. Archenteron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Archenteron
2. Blastocoel
3. Blastopore |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Process of cells tucking inward at the dorsal lip of the blastopore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Process of cells migrating into interior of blastopore |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Process of forming the nervous system/spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
Nueral Plate Stage
Nueral Groove Stage
Nueral Tube Stage |
|
Definition
| What are the three stages of Nuerolation? |
|
|
Term
Cardiac Valve
Pyloric Valve |
|
Definition
| What are the two valves we need to know in the stomach? |
|
|
Term
| Guards/controls liquefied food exiting the stomach. |
|
Definition
| What is the function of the pyloric valve? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What does the cardiac valve connect? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the two hormones that control glucose levels? |
|
|
Term
| Increases the glucose uptake by TISSUES. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increases glucose levels in BLOOD. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These, along with others, secrete a mixture of fluids to combine and make saliva. |
|
Definition
| What is the function of the parotid and mandibular glands? |
|
|
Term
| The teeth may hurt the mother's mammary papillae and cause the mother to not allow her young to nurse. |
|
Definition
| Why are teeth dangerous in a baby pig's mouth? |
|
|
Term
| Aids in digestion, as well as forms an airtight seal for infant pigs while nursing. |
|
Definition
| What is the purpose of the tongue? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Transverse ridges on hard palate. |
|
|
Term
| These are folds of tissue that increase the surface area available for olfaction/humidifying air. |
|
Definition
| What is the function of conchae? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the function of the auditory tube? |
|
|
Term
| Plays an important role in the development of the body's defense system. |
|
Definition
| What is the function of the Thymus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ glands' secretions are discharged directly into the blood, while ____ glands are more of a excretory gland (such as salivary glands). |
|
|
Term
| Produces a hormone to maintain a high level of metabolism and heat production. |
|
Definition
| What is the purpose of the thyroid gland? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Small branches that branch off the bronchi. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: System of branching tubes from the trachea to the alveoli. |
|
|
Term
The spleen in fetus is part of the blood-forming tissues of the body and produces red blood cells.
In adults, the spleen produces lymphocytes and is part of the immune system. It also captures and breaks down old red and white blood cells. |
|
Definition
What is the function of the spleen in the fetus?
What about in the adult? |
|
|
Term
| Keeps the highly acidic contents of the stomach from coming back up the esophagus. |
|
Definition
| What is the function of the cardiac valve? |
|
|
Term
| It secretes enzymes that act on all major types of food (Carbs, fats, etc.) and nuetralizes highly acidic food from stomach. |
|
Definition
| What is the function of the pancreas? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What structure(s) produce the hormones Insulin and Glucagon? |
|
|
Term
| Helps nuetralize acidic food coming from stomach, they also help break down fats. |
|
Definition
| What is the function of bile? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These increase surface area for absorption of nutrients. |
|
Definition
| What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How many ATP molecules are made from 1 molecule of glucose? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where in a cell does Glycolysis take place? |
|
|
Term
1. Glycolysis
2. Linking step
3. Krebs Cycle
4. Electron Transport Chain |
|
Definition
| What are the four parts (in order) of breaking down glucose into something the body can use? |
|
|
Term
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain |
|
Definition
| What two processes make up "Cellular Respiration?" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glycolysis starts with ____ and ends with _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Linking step starts with ____ and ends with ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What does the archenteron form? |
|
|
Term
| Head, neck, trunk, and tail |
|
Definition
| What are the four regions of the pig body? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the function of the nictitating membrane? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the two regions of the pig's trunk? |
|
|
Term
| Carry wastes from fetus TO placenta |
|
Definition
| What is the function of an umbilical artery? |
|
|
Term
| Carries nutrients and oxygen rich blood from placenta to fetus. |
|
Definition
| What is the function of the umbilical vein? |
|
|
Term
Male's have: Preputial Orifice and Scrotum
Female's have: Genital Papilla |
|
Definition
| How can you tell if your pig is male or female? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Horny protein that makes cells impermeable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Layer of dead skin that makes body more water resistant. |
|
|
Term
| Protects deeper tissues from being harmed by damaging ultraviolet radiation. |
|
Definition
| What is the function of melanin? |
|
|
Term
| The spinal cord enters the skull through it to get to the brain |
|
Definition
| What is the function of the foramen magnnum? |
|
|
Term
Incisors - 3
Canines - 1
Premolars - 4
Molars - 3 |
|
Definition
| How many of each type of tooth do pigs have on each side of the upper and lower jaw? |
|
|
Term
Incisors - 2
Canine - 1
Premolars - 2
Molars - 3 |
|
Definition
| How many teeth do humans have on each side? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which vertebrae do ribs attach to? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Part of rib cage that unites ribs to sternum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Connective tissue that surrounds cartilage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: The hole the epiglottis covers. |
|
|
Term
| Mucociliary Transport System |
|
Definition
| The ___ ___ ___ acts as a conveyer belt to transport mucus to the pharynx. |
|
|
Term
1. Simple Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
2. Mucus |
|
Definition
| The Mucociliary Transport System consists of what two components? |
|
|
Term
| Swallow it (where it is digested) or spit it out |
|
Definition
| What do we do with mucus once it reaches the pharynx? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which has more energy - glucose, or glucose + a phosphorus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first two steps of glycolysis require: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In glycolysis, when a 6C molecule splits into two 3C molecules and one of the molecules need to slightly change its structure, it goes through the process of _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which two are high energy molecules: NADH, NAD+, ADP, ATP? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which contains more energy: 1 molecule of glucose or two molecules of pyruvic acid? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the final electron acceptor in the protein channels? What does it conbine into? |
|
|
Term
| Its proton concentration increases. |
|
Definition
| When NADH gives up its high energy electrons, what happens to the intermembrane space of the mitochondria? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How many protons must cross through ATP synthetase to make ATP? |
|
|
Term
| They release a bit of potential energy which ATP synthetase captures |
|
Definition
| What happens when protons cross back into the matrix of the mitochondria? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which has more potential energy: Pyruvic Acid or acetyl? |
|
|
Term
| Yes, you do not need to specify these. Just know there are others. |
|
Definition
| Are other enzymes besides CoA used in cellular respiration? |
|
|
Term
| Linking Acetyl and Oxaloacetic acid (2C + 4C). |
|
Definition
| What is the function of CoA? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is formed when Acetyl and Oxaloacetic acid combine (2C + 4C)? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How many NADH are produced in one cycle of the Kreb's cycle? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How many FADH2 are produced in one cycle of the Kreb's cycle? |
|
|
Term
| 3 (6H+ released, 2+ needed for ATP |
|
Definition
| How many ATP molecules are formed from 1 NADH across the e- transport chain? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How many days do chickens take to fully develop? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Evenly distributed yolk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What organism did we learn about that is homoblastic? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the first cell division stages (1-16) called in embryology? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the hollow cavity inside the blastula called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Archenteron "primitive gut" |
|
Definition
| Term: cavity inside a gastrula. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Process of forming gastrula |
|
|
Term
Epiboly
Invagination
Invoution |
|
Definition
| Name the three processes of gastrulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Process of migration of cells across exterior to dorsal lip of blastopore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What do endocrine glands produce? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Class Agratha is also known as? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Do members of class Agrotha have paired fins? |
|
|
Term
| Round mouths with horny rasping teeth around mouth and on tongue |
|
Definition
| Describe Class Agrotha's mouths |
|
|
Term
| Tooth like placoid scales |
|
Definition
| What type of scales do Class Chondrichthyes have? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the biggest class of vertebrates? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which class has an operculum? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The body shape of amphibions is less ___ than fish bodies. |
|
|
Term
| They are capable of functioning in both air and water. |
|
Definition
| Why are amphibians' sense organs unique? |
|
|
Term
| Dry, scaly skin with epidermal scales. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Respiration (secondary to lungs)
2. Egg incubator
3. Excretion |
|
Definition
| What is the cloaca of turtles used for? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which group of reptiles has a four chambered heart? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What structures do reptiles use for reproduction? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What vertebrate classes are endotherms? |
|
|
Term
| Osteichthyes, Chondrichthyes, Agnatha, Amphibia, Reptilia |
|
Definition
| What vertebrate classes are exotherms? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In addition to lungs, what do birds use for breathing? |
|
|
Term
1. Monotremes
2. Marsupials
3. Placentals |
|
Definition
| List the three types of mammals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Mammal with brood pouch for young. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Mammals with placentas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Give an example of a marsupial. |
|
|
Term
Embryo
1. Amniote (Amniotic fluid)
2. Yolk Sac--\
3. Allantois--/ Both of these are contained inside...
4. Chorion |
|
Definition
| List the layers of an amniote egg in order from inside to outside. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Give an example of a monotreme. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Give an example of a placental. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: These produce milk in mammals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Membrane around egg once fertilized. |
|
|
Term
| To keep additional sperm from penetrating the egg. |
|
Definition
| What is the function of the fertilization membrane? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Cavity inside blastula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Cavity of invaginated gastrula. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Entrance to archenteron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which pole of the egg develops slower? |
|
|
Term
Epidermis of the skin
Epidermal derivatives (hair, skin, nails, sweat glands)
Brain, Spinal cord, Ganglia nerves |
|
Definition
| Name the most important derivatives of the ectoderm. |
|
|
Term
Digestive and Respiratory tracts (lining, liver, pancreas, etc.)
Urinary bladder and thyroid
Parathy roid and thymus glands |
|
Definition
| Name the most important derivatives of the Endoderm |
|
|
Term
| No, they are not attached yet |
|
Definition
| When the first tRNA arrives, are the small and large subunits ready to go? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How many different amino acids are there? |
|
|
Term
Initiation
Elongation
Termination |
|
Definition
| What are the three stages in protein synthesis? |
|
|
Term
| The small and large subunits attach and the first tRNA arrives at the P site. |
|
Definition
| What happens during initiation? |
|
|
Term
| A second tRNA moves into the A site. A bond forms between the amino acids, the second tRNA moves into the P site (to free up the A site for the next tRNA) as the first tRNA leaves. This process continues. |
|
Definition
| What happens during elongation? |
|
|
Term
| Complimentary Base Pairing |
|
Definition
| Term: The tRNA's anticodon and the mRNA's codon pair up in this process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Bond between amino acids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Chain of amino acids. |
|
|
Term
| Stop codon brings on a release factor which frees the polypeptide chain and mRNA, and triggers the small and large subunits to detach. |
|
Definition
| What happens during termination? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Surface of muscle cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What element makes the biggest contribution to muscle contraction? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Distance of 1 Z line to another on muscle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Skeletal muscle is made out of individual muscle cells called ___ ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Muscle fibers are made out of many cylindrical subunits called ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Myofibrils are seperated into segments called ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Sarcomeres are made up thick and thin filaments, ___ and ___, respectively. |
|
|
Term
| To contract a muscle, myosin crossbridges' heads let go of each actin molecule and attach two molecules down in a rachet like motion. |
|
Definition
| How does the Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction work? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term: Crossbridge for attachment from Myosin to Actin. |
|
|
Term
| Muscle Fibers --> Myofibrils --> Sarcomeres --> Actin and Myosin |
|
Definition
| Describe all components of skeletal muscle in order. |
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Term
| Calcium binds to the Ca+ binding site on Troponin, which pulls the tropomyosin off the crossbridge binding sites. |
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Definition
| What happens to actin when calcium is present? |
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Term
| Simple Ciliated Columnar Epithelium |
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Definition
| What is the lung usually protected by? |
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Term
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Definition
| What does the Simple Ciliated Columnar Epithelium line? |
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Term
| Sweet out particles in air caught in mucus. |
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Definition
| What do the cilia in the lung do? |
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Term
| Goblet cells embedded in ciliated columnar epithelium |
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Definition
| What is mucus in the lungs secreted by? |
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Term
| After decades of smoking, toxins paralyze the cilia and they break off. |
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Definition
| What happens to ciliated columnar epithelium if you are a smoker? |
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Term
| Oxidative Phosphorilation |
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Definition
| Term: Oxygen is required to attach P to ADP to make ATP. |
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Term
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Definition
| When you gargle mouthwash, you are using your ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| Term: Arms of frog or other quadruped. |
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