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ZOO3603C 6017
Quiz 1 & 2 Essay questions posted by the prof
5
Social Work
Undergraduate 4
02/28/2011

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Term
Q1. What is phosphorylation?
Definition
Phosphorylation involves the covalent addition of a highly charged (3‐) phosphate group to a protein, for example.
Term
Q1. How does phosphorylation of a protein influence the function of the protein?
Definition
Phosphorylation can activate or inactivate a functional protein by altering the conformation of the protein and by altering the ability of the protein to bind with other accessory proteins vital to the specific function.
Term
Q1. Give an example of a specific protein and explain how its function is altered by phosphorylation.
Definition
1. CPEB - fertilization triggers the phosphorylation of this protein, activating the transcription of previously dormant mRNA in oocytes.
2. RNA polymerase - The carboxy terminal domain of the enzyme gets phoshorylated upon completion of the assembly of the pre‐initiation complex activating RNA transcription.
Term
Q2. Describe how Pipe protein synthesis by the follicle cells is controlled by the oocyte during Drosophila oocyte development.
Definition
gurken mRNA is associated with the oocyte nucleus. Gurken protein does not diffuse far and is synthesized near, and secreted from, the dorsal anterior of the oocyte. Secreted Gurken activates the Torpedo receptor on the follicle cells. The Torpedo signaling results in the inhibition of Pipe protein synthesis in the dorsal follicle cells.
Term
Q2. How does control of this protein influence the generation of the Dorsal --> Ventral axis in the early Drosophila embryo?
Definition
Only ventral follicle cells make Pipe proteins, which when secreted from the ventral follicle cells initiates a signaling cascade that activates Dorsal protein on the ventral region of the developing fly embryo. As the fly embryo develops into the syncitial blastoderm, Dorsal protein can enter nuclei on the ventral side, distinguishing these nuclei from the dorsal nuclei. The Dorsal protein gradient distinguishes cell fates along the D --> V axis.
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