Term
| (04-10) What are the five main function of the respiratory system? |
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Definition
| Gas exchange, acid-base balance, vocalization, thermoregulation, and water balance. |
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Term
| (04-10) What are the components of the path of airflow (important to Dr. Cherrington)? |
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Definition
| Air moves from: 1) nasal and oral cavity 2) pharynx 3) epiglottis 4) trachea 5) bronchii 6) bronchioles 7) alveoli |
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Term
| (04-10) Visually, how can you identify alveoli on a diagram (what do they look like)? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-10) What are the two types of cells found in the conducting zone? |
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Definition
| Cilliated cells and gobulet cells |
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Term
| (04-10) What do cilliated cells do? |
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Definition
| They wave consistently to move material along so you can swallow it. |
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Term
| (04-10) What do gobulet cells do? |
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Definition
| Produce mucin (which mixes with water to make mucous) to trap more foreign material. |
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Term
| (04-13) What is the name for the pathway made by cilliated cells and gobulet cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-13) What is the area in the respirator system with the highest resistance? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-13) what is the area of the respiratory system that has the lowest resistance? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-13) If an area has high resistance in the respiratory system, does it have a high or low cross sectional area? Why? |
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Definition
| Low; because the cross-sectional area determines the airway resistance. |
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Term
| (04-13) What different types of cells can be found in the alveoli? What do they do? |
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Definition
| Three types: Type I (thin, fused basement membrane to allow gas exchange); Type II cells (secrete surfactant -- helps keep alveoli open); and wandering macrophages (immunity) |
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Term
| (04-13) Are the lungs sterile? |
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Definition
| Nope! There's a macrobiome that contains over 600 species! |
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Term
| (04-13) Define pleural sac. What are its layers? |
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Definition
| A flud-filled sac between the lung and the ribs. It's made of the visceral plaura, which is attached to the lungs, and the parietal pleura, which is attached to the interior of the ribs, intercostal muscles, and the diaphragm. |
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Term
| (04-13) What are the major purposes of the pleural sac? |
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Definition
| It lubricates the lung during movement and generates an important lung pressure. |
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Term
| (04-13) Define ventilation |
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Definition
| Getting air into and out of the alveoli. |
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Term
| (04-13) What is Boyle's law? |
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Definition
| Pressure (is proportionate to) 1/volume -- "Pressure is proportional to the inverse of volume" |
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Term
| (04-13) What is the equation for airflow? |
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Definition
| Airflow = (Difference in pressure)/(resistance) |
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Term
| (04-13) What are the four important pulmonary pressures? |
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Definition
| Atmospheric (Patm), Alveolar (Palv), Intrapleural (Pip), Tranpulmonary (Palv-Pi) |
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Term
| (04-13) What is the standard atmospheric pressure? Can we alter this physiologically? |
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Definition
| 760 mmHm; we cannot change this. |
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Term
| (04-13) Can we physiologically change alveolar pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-13) Where is the intrapleural pressure measured? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-13) What does transpulmonary pressure measure? |
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Definition
| The distending pressure across the lungs (the total pressure) |
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Term
| (04-13) What really determines airflow? What is its formula? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-13) Define the following: (1) Delta P = 0 (2) Delta P < 0 (3) Delta P > 0 |
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Definition
| 1) No airflow 2) flow into the lungs 3) flow out of the lungs |
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Term
| (04-13) What are the two muscles that work to increase the volume inside the lungs? |
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Definition
| diaphragm, external intercostals |
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Term
| (04-13) What are the two muscles that reduce the volume in the lungs? |
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Definition
| abdomen, internal intercostals |
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Term
| (04-13) Inspiration vs. expiration: Which is passive, which is active? |
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Definition
| Inspiration is Active, Expiration is Passive |
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Term
| (04-13) For inspiration, list the important muscles, volume changes, pressure changes, delta P ratio, and airflow. |
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Definition
| Diaphram and external intercostals; V increases; P decreases; P<0; air flows in |
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Term
| (04-13) For expiration, list the important muscles, volume changes, pressure changes, delta P ratio, and airflow. |
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Definition
| Internal intercostals and abdomen; V decreases; P increases; P>0; air flows out |
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