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ZOO 3115; Dr. Cherrington, Kidney (04-22)
Study material for UW ZOO 3115 Exam 3
20
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
05/03/2015

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Term
(04-22) What do the kidneys do?
Definition
A bunch: regulate blood pressure, ion balance, pH, remove wastes, secrete hormones
Term
(04-22) How many times a day do you filter your entire plasma volume?
Definition
60 times!
Term
(04-22) What do you call the outer layer of the kidney? The inner layer?
Definition
Cortex outside, medulla inside
Term
(04-22) What is a renal pyramid? Where is it found, what does it do?
Definition
Renal pyramids are found in the medulla of a kidney. This is a collection of collecting ducts.
Term
(04-22) What is a nephron? Where is it, what does it do?
Definition
Nephrons are in on the ends of kidney collecting ducts. They are the structural and functional units of kidneys that filter plasma to make urine.
Term
(04-22) What is the path of blood through a nephron?
Definition
Artery; afferent arteriole; glomerulus; efferent areriole; peritubular capillaries; vasa recta; vein
Term
(04-22) What is the path of fluid (filtrate) through a nephron?
Definition
Blood; Bowman's capsule; proximal tubule; descending limb of LH; ascending limb of H; distal tubule; collecting tubule; collecting duct
Term
(04-22) At what point does blood become filtrate in a nephron?
Definition
Once it passes through the Bowman's capsule
Term
(04-22) What are the two types of nephrons? Which is more common? Which extends into the medulla?
Definition
Juxtamedullary nephrons (15-20%, loop of Henle extends into the medulla); cortical nephrons (80%, short LH)
Term
(04-22) What are the four processes of the nephron?
Definition
Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion
Term
(04-22) From where to where does filtration occur? Is it selective or nonselective?
Definition
From the glomerulus blood to tubules, nonselective
Term
(04-22) What is the end product of filtration?
Definition
filtrate
Term
(04-22) From where to where does reabsorption happen? Selective or nonselective?
Definition
From the lumen of the tubules back to the blood. This is specific (requires specific channels).
Term
(04-22) What is the end product of reabsorption?
Definition
blood
Term
(04-22) From where to where is secretion? Selective or nonselective?
Definition
From peritubular capillary blood to tubules; selection
Term
(04-22) What is the product of secretion?
Definition
filtrate
Term
(04-22) From where to where is excretion?
Definition
From tubules to outside the body (via bladder)
Term
(04-22) What is the end product of excretion?
Definition
urine
Term
(04-22) What is the formula for the amount of solute excreted?
Definition
(Amount of solute excreted, E) = (Amount filtered, F) - (amount reabsorbed, R) + (amount secreted, S)
Term
(04-22) Define fenestration.
Definition
Having a small pore for filtering
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