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| psychological qualities that bring continuity to an individual's behavior in different situations and at different times |
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| What is personality shaped by? |
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| biology and evolution, development, nurture, social networks and culture |
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| displacement of aggression or scapegoating |
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| blaming all of the problems on a group or thing. |
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| outgoing person, loves to be around people |
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| stable personality pattern including temperaments,traits, and personality types. |
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| internal working of the personality,involving motivation,emotion,perception, and learning, as well as unconscious processes. |
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| Temperaments by Hippocrates |
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| Humors, or fluids secreted by the body determined a persons temperament. |
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| cool,aloof,slow, and unemotional. |
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| multiple dimensions of personality,stable personality characteristics, presumed to exist within the individual and guide his or her thoughts and actions under various conditions. |
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| either you are or you arent. |
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| general term that includes temperament,trait, and type approaches to personality |
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| What are the big five traits from the Five-factor theory? |
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openness to experience, inquiring intellect,independence,curiosity.
-conscientiousness- dependability,goal directedness
-extraversion- adaptability,sociability, self confidence
-agreeableness-warmth,likeability
-Neuroticism- anxiety |
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| trait perspective suggesting that personality is composed of five fundamental personality dimensions,: oppenness to experience,conscientiousness,extraversion,agreeableness, and neuroticism. |
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| a widlely used personality assessment instrument that gives scores on ten important clinical traits. ALSO KNOWN AS minnesota multiphasic personality inventory. |
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| Name the 10 clinical scales |
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Hypochondirasis
Depression
conversion hysteria
psychopathic deviate
masculinity-femininity
paranoia
psychasthenia
schizophrenia
hypomania
social introversion |
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| unconscious use of mental problems to avoid conflicts or responsibility |
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| disregard for social custom; shallow emotions' inability to profit from experience |
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| obsessions, compulsions,; fears; low self-esteem;guilt; indecisiveness |
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| emotional excitement; flight of ideas; overactivity |
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| attribute of a psychological test that gives consistent results |
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| attribute of psychological test that actually measures what it is being used to measure. |
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| influenced by the expectations implied |
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| condition involving a chronic pervasive,inflexible and maladaptive pattern of thinking, emotion,social relationships, or impulse control. |
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| similar to a trait, but instead of being a dimension, a type is a category that is believed to represent a common cluster of personality characteristics |
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| a group of theories that originated with freud. All emphasize motivation to unconscious motivation and the influence of the past on the development of mental disorders. |
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| a group of personality theories that focus on human growth and potential, rather than on mental disorder. All emphasize the functioning of the individual in the present rather than on the influence of past events. |
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| social-cognition theories |
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| group of theories that involve explanations of limited,but important, aspects of personality, all grew out of experimental psychology. |
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| a method of treating mental disorders based on Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The goal is to release unacknowledged conflicts,urges, and memories from the unconscious. |
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| freuds theory of personality and mental disorders |
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| in freuds theory, the psychic domain of which the individual is not aware but that is the storehouse of repressed impulses, drives, and conflicts unavailable to consciousness. |
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| the freudian concept of psychic energy that drives individuals to experience sensual pleasure |
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| primitive unconscious portion of the personality, repressed basic drives |
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| storehosue of values, moral attitudes. learned from parents and from society roughly the same as the common notion of conscience. |
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| conscious,rational part of the personality, keeps peace between ID and superego |
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| successive, instinctive developmetntal phases in which pleasure is associated with stimulation of different bodily areas at different times of life. |
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| according to freud, a largely unconscious process whereby boys displace an erotic attraction toward their mother to females of their own age, and identify with their fathers. |
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| mental process by which an individual tries to become like abother person, same-sex usually. |
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| occurs when psycho-sexual development is arrested at an immature stage |
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| a largely unconscious mental strategy employed to reduce the experience of conflict or anxiety. |
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| an unconscious process that excludes unacceptable thoughts and feelings from awareness and memory. |
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| stages of the psycho sexual development |
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oral stage
anal stage
Phallic stage
latency
genital stage |
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Denial
rationalization
reaction formation
displacement
regression
sublimation
projection |
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| "Everyone does it" give socially acceptable reasons for things that arent acceptable |
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| people act exactly in opposition to their unconscious desires. |
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| release anger on something less threatening |
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| go back to earlier developmental stages |
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| channeling the gratification of sexual or aggresive desires in ways that are acceptable |
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| attribute their own unconscious desires and fears onto something else. |
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| personality assessment instrument. |
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| Thematic Apperception test |
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| projective test requiring subjects to make up stories that explain ambiguous pictures |
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| freud's assumption that all our mental and behavioral responses are caused by unconscious traumas. |
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| referst to theorists who broke with freud but whose theories retain a psycho-dynamic aspect, especially a focus on motivation as the source of energy for the personality. |
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| Jung's term for that portion of the unconscious corresponding roughly to the freudian ID |
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| Jung's addition to the unconscious involving a reservoir for instinctive "memories" including the archetypes, which exist in all people. |
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| Jungian dimension that focuses on inner experience, one's own thoughts and feelings, making the introvert less outgoing and sociable than the extravert |
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| jungian personality dimension that involves turning one's attention outward, toward others |
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| an emotion proposed by KAREN HORNEY, that gives a sense of uncertainty and loneliness in a hostile world and can lead to maladjustment. |
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| signs of neurosis in Horney's theory, ten needs are normal desires carried to a neurotic extreme. |
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- need for affection and approval
- need for a partner and dread of being alone
-need to resetrict ones life and reamin inconspicuous
-need for power and control
-need to exploit others
- need for recognition
- need for personal admiration
-need for personal achievement
- need for self-sufficiency and independence
- need for perfection |
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| Self-actualizing personality |
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| a healthy individual who has met his or her basic needs and is free to be creative and fulfill his or her potentialities |
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| CARL ROGERS's term for a healthy, self-actualizing individual, who has a self-concept that is both positive and congruent with reality. |
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| our psychological reality, composed of one's perceptions and feelings. |
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| a recent movement within psychology, focusing on desirable aspects of human functioning, as opposed to an emphasis on psychopathology. |
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| form of cognitive learning in which new responses are acquired after watching others' behavior and the consequences of their behavior. |
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| process in which cognitions,behavior, and the environment mutually influences each other. |
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| individual sense of whether control over his or her life is maternal or external. |
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| a perspective on personality and treatment that emphasizes the family, rather than the individual, as the basic unit of analysis. |
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| implicit personality theory |
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| a person's set of unquestioned assumptions about personality, used to simplify the task of understanding others. |
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| the "stories" one tells about oneself. Self0narratives help people sense a thread of consistency through their personality over time. |
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| a common self-narrative identified by McAdams in generative Americans. The redemptive self involves a sense of being called to overcome obstacles in the effort to help others. |
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| process of making a commitment beyond oneself to family, work,society, or future generations. In ERIKSON'S theory, generativity is the developmental challenge of midlife. |
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| Fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| dual tendency to overemphasize internal, dispositional causes and minimize external, situational pressures. The FAE is more common in individualistic cultures than in collective ones. |
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- status of different age groups and sexes
- romantic love
-locus of control
-thinking versus feeling |
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| either switching theories to explain different situations or building one's own theory of personality from pieces borrowed from many perspectives. |
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