Term
-detect, confirm, classify oral diseases and lesions
-detect and evaluate trauma
-evaluate growth and development
-provide information during dental procedures such as root canal therapy and surgery |
|
Definition
| Uses for dental radiographs |
|
|
Term
| the techniques and methods learned for exposing intra- and extraoral radiographs are (?) whether using traditional film or a digital image receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the significant difference between film-based radiography and digital imaging is that |
|
Definition
| the film is replaced with a digital image receptor |
|
|
Term
| digital radiography and film-based radiography are used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what principle is recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection to minimize radiation risks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ALARA principle? |
|
Definition
| As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
|
|
Term
| the benefits of radiographs in dentistry (?) the risk when proper safety procedures are followed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most important way to ensure that the patient receives a reasonably low dose of radiation is to? |
|
Definition
| use evidence-based selection criteria when determining which patients need radiographs |
|
|
Term
| the absorption of the long wavelengths, less penetrating, x-rays of the polychromatic x-ray beam by passage of the beam through a sheet of a material called a filter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| includes glass of x-ray tube, insulating oil, and material that seals the port. built into machine by manufacturer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is inherent filtration enough to meet state and federal standards? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the placement of aluminum discs in the path of the x-ray beam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the sum of inherent and added filtration is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for x-ray machines operating BELOW 70 kVp require |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for machines operating ABOVE 70 kVp require |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| controls the size and shape of the useful x-ray beam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the purpose of the collimator is to |
|
Definition
| reduce the size of the x-ray beam and the amount of scattered radiation |
|
|
Term
| federal regulations require that the collimator restrict the x-ray beam to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rectangular collimation reduces patien exposure by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lead aprons and thyroid collars are |
|
Definition
| recommended for all patients, especially children, pregnant females and women of child bearing age. but is NOT required by law |
|
|
Term
| during x-ray exposure, the operator will be MOST protected |
|
Definition
| behind a protective barrier |
|
|
Term
| if a protective barrier is NOT present the operator should |
|
Definition
| stand as far away as possible, at least 6ft from the HEAD of the PATIENT at a 45degree angle |
|
|
Term
| does not actually set laws, but their suggestions and recommendations are highly regarded |
|
Definition
| National Council on Radiation Protection and measurements (NCRP) |
|
|
Term
| the hydroquinone in the developer brings out the (?) tones, where as the elon in the developer brings out the (?) tones on a dental radiograph |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the thermometer for manual processing should be placed in the (?) for an accurate temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the emulsion is hardened during |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which term best describes the process by which the latent image becomes visible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at 68 degrees, what is the optimum development time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the optimal temperature for the developer solution is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| identify the ingredient that hardens the emulsion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the rinsing step is necessary in film processing because |
|
Definition
| rinsing removes the developer from the film and stops the development process |
|
|
Term
| the first step in film processing is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which ingredient causes the emulsion to soften and swell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which ingredient removes the unexposed/undeveloped silver halide crystals from the film? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the basic constituents of the developer solution are: |
|
Definition
| developing agent, activator preservative, restrainer |
|
|
Term
| a breakdown of chemicals in the processing solutions that results from exposure to air is termed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all of the following factors affect the life (how long they will last) of the processing solutions except: |
|
Definition
| the type of safelight filter used |
|
|
Term
| the chemical that stops further development is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with digital radiography, the term (?) is used to describe the pictures that are produced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the method of obtaining a digital image similar to scanning a photograph to a computer screen is termed: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| digital imaging systems can be used for |
|
Definition
| bitewing, panoramic, periapical, cephalometric images |
|
|
Term
| all of the following are advantages of digital imaging except: |
|
Definition
| thickness of the intraoral sensor |
|
|
Term
| most digital radiography systems use a (?) as the radiation source |
|
Definition
| conventional dental x-ray unit |
|
|
Term
| digital imaging can be used for: |
|
Definition
| detecting conditions of teeth and surrounding structures, evaluating the growth and development, confirmation of suspected conditions |
|
|
Term
| radiographic images are cleared from the storage phosphor imaging plates(PSP) by: |
|
Definition
| exposing them to an intense light for several minutes |
|
|
Term
| photo-stimuable phosphor imaging: |
|
Definition
| uses a reusable imaging plate |
|
|
Term
| the image receptor found in the intraoral sensor is termed: |
|
Definition
| CCD (charge coupled device) |
|
|
Term
| when a transparency scanner or digital camera is used to convert an existing film-based radiograph to a digital file, the process is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Exposure times are (?) than that required for conventional film radiography |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| digital imaging requires less radiation than does conventional radiography because: |
|
Definition
| the sensor is more efficient at capturing radiation |
|
|
Term
| advantages of digital radiography include: |
|
Definition
| increased speed of image viewing |
|
|
Term
| a primary advantage to digital radiography is the superior gray-scale resolution that results. Digital radiography uses up to 32 shades of gray. |
|
Definition
| the first statement it true, the second is false |
|
|
Term
| sensors that cannot be sterilized: |
|
Definition
| require complete coverage with disposable plastic sleeves or barriers for each patient and require wiping with disinfectant before and after use with a patient. |
|
|
Term
| digital radiography uses (?) to produce an image |
|
Definition
| an electronic sensor and computerized imaging system |
|
|
Term
| the component part of the x-ray film described as a flexible piece of polyester plastic is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following terms describes the crystals found on the intensifying screens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the device used to hold the extraoral film and intensifying screens is termed a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following is not found on the non-tube side of the intraoral film packet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the deal storage temperature for x-ray film? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the purpose of a lead foil sheet in the film packet is to: |
|
Definition
| protect the film from backscatter radiation |
|
|
Term
| which of the following films has the greatest sensitivity to radiation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the speed of a film is determined by the size of the silver halide crystals in the emulsion. Identify the true statement |
|
Definition
| the larger the crystals, the faster the film speed |
|
|
Term
| intensifying screens are used to: |
|
Definition
| reduce amount of radiation required |
|
|
Term
| which of the following is contained in the film emulsion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the phosphor crystals used for intensifying screens the works 4x faster are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a single sheet placed within the film packet that prevents backscatter radiation from fogging the film |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a film that is more like photographic film and is used to make copies of films |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a coating, attached to both sides of the film by the adhesive layer. The silver halide crystals and gelatin are suspended in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a chemical compound (?) used for conventional films that is sensitive to radiation or light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pattern of stored energy on the exposed conventional film that cannot be seen until chemical processing has been accomplished is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following are advantages of the paralleling technique? |
|
Definition
| increased accuracy, simplicity of use, ease of duplication |
|
|
Term
| which of the following is incorrect concerning the exposure sequence for periapical films? |
|
Definition
| either anterior or posterior films may be exposed first |
|
|
Term
| why is an increased target-film distance required in the paralleling technique? |
|
Definition
| to avoid image magnification |
|
|
Term
| which of the following describes the relationship of the film and the long axis of the tooth in the paralleling technique? |
|
Definition
| the film and tooth are parallel to each other |
|
|
Term
| the advantages of the paralleling technique outweigh the disadvantages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following describes the relationship of the central ray to the film in the paralleling technique? |
|
Definition
| 90 degrees to the film and long axis of the tooth |
|
|
Term
| which of the following is the correct vertical angulation used with the bite-wing technique? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following describes the relationship of the film to the maxillary and mandibular teeth in the bite-wing technique |
|
Definition
| the film and teeth are parallel to each other |
|
|
Term
| which of the following describes the primary use of the bite-wing radiograph? |
|
Definition
| examination of the interproximal areas of teeth |
|
|
Term
| which of the following describes the proper direction of the central ray in the bisecting technique? |
|
Definition
| 90 degrees to the imaginary bisector |
|
|
Term
| which of the following are advantages of the bisecting technique? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the disadvantages of the bisecting technique outweigh the advantages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following describes the distance between the film and tooth in the bisecting technique? |
|
Definition
| the film is placed as close as possible to the tooth |
|
|
Term
| the occlusal technique is used to examine |
|
Definition
| large areas of the upper or lower jaw |
|
|
Term
| when the occlusal technique is used, a (?) to stabilize the film |
|
Definition
| patient gently bites on surface of the film |
|
|
Term
| which of the following is a mandibular occlusal projection, but not a maxillary occlusal projection? |
|
Definition
| cross-sectional occlusal projection |
|
|
Term
| which occlusal projection is used to locate foreign bodies or salivary stones in the region of the floor of the mouth? |
|
Definition
| cross-sectional occlusal projection |
|
|
Term
| which occlusal projection is used to examine the palate and anterior teeth of the maxilla? |
|
Definition
| topographic occlusal projection |
|
|
Term
| the bite-wing tab is a heavy paperboard tab or loop fitted around a film and used to stabilize the film during exposure. the film is oriented in the bite loop so that the tab portion extends from the white side (tube side) of the film |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the problem with a single bitewing film per side (#3 film) for adult patients is increased |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the rule of isometry states that two triangles are equal if they have (?) equal angles and share a common side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an increased (?) distance results in increased image magnification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following film holders include aiming rings that aid in the alignment of the position indicating device (PID) with the film? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the un-sharpness or blurred edges seen on a radiographic image is termed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following would minimize the size of the penumbra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the geometric characteristic of (?) refers to the capability of the x-ray film to reproduce the distinct outlines of an object |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| image sharpness on a radiograph is increased by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| distortion is caused when: |
|
Definition
| the object and film are not parallel |
|
|
Term
| elongation and foreshortening occur because: |
|
Definition
| the film and x-ray beam are not perpendicular |
|
|
Term
| magnification occurs when there is a |
|
Definition
| short target-film distance |
|
|
Term
| which of the following does not control magnification of the radiographed object? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the effect on the image if the film is not parallel to the long axis of the tooth? |
|
Definition
| distortion, magnification |
|
|
Term
| a long film focal distance is desirable is because |
|
Definition
| the central rays of the beam are less divergent |
|
|
Term
| if the operator decreases the object-film distance, increased magnification occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an x-ray beam that is not perpendicular to the object and file, increased distortion occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the object and film are parallel then increased distortion occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an increased target-film distance decreases magnification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an x-ray beam perpendicular to the object and film increases distortion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the concern for using ionizing radiation is: |
|
Definition
| that it causes biologic changes that adversely affect all living tissues |
|
|
Term
| what is an example of patient protection techniques used before x-ray exposure |
|
Definition
| proper prescribing of radiographs |
|
|
Term
| the primary rule of operator protection guidelines is that the operator MUST: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is RECOMMENDED for all intraoral films, and may exist as a separate shield or part of the lead apron |
|
|
Term
| who has an ethical responsibility to adopt the ALARA principle? |
|
Definition
| the dental assistant, the dental hygienist, and the dentist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is RECOMMENDED for intraoral films |
|
|
Term
| according to the guidelines for prescribing dental radiographs, what is the recommendation for bite-wing radiographs for an adult recall patient with no clinical caries and no high risk factors for caries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what speed film is currently the fastest intraoral film available |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| restricts the size and shape of the beam |
|
|
Term
| state and federal laws require that dental x-ray machines operating ABOVE 70 kVp have a minimum total (inherent plus added filtration) of (?) mm of aluminum filtration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a rectangular collimator: |
|
Definition
| restricts the beam more than a circular collimator, and significantly reduces patient exposure |
|
|
Term
| a circular collimator produces a cone-shaped beam that is (?) inches in diameter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following types of position indicating devices (PID) do not produce scatter radiation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| added filtration in the dental x-ray tubehead: |
|
Definition
| results in a more penetrating and useful beam |
|
|
Term
| inherent filtration in the dental x-ray tubehead: |
|
Definition
| includes filtration that is put in by the manufacturer and takes place when the primary beam passes through the glass window of the x-ray tube, the insulating oil, and the tubehead seal |
|
|
Term
| which type of PID would be most effective in reducing patient exposure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| radiation protection from secondary radiation may be increased by the use of an aluminum filter and lead collimator, because the filter regulates the size of the tissue area that is exposed and the collimator prevents low-energy radiation from reaching the tissue. |
|
Definition
| the statement is correct, but the reason is not correct |
|
|
Term
| to avoid the primary beam, the dental radiographer must be positioned at a (?) degree to (?) degree angle to the beam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monitor the amount of radiation exposure a dental radiographer may incur |
|
|
Term
| radiation legislation varies greatly from state to state. For example, in some states, a dental radiographer must successfully complete a radiation safety examination before he or she may expose dental x-rays |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| communication, working knowledge of a quality radiographic image and education all aid in protecting the patient against unnecessary radiation exposure by: |
|
Definition
| reducing the risk of retakes |
|
|
Term
| according to the current recommendations (2003) of the National Council on Radiation Protection and measurements (NCRP), the current MPD (maximum permissable dose) for occupationally exposed persons is (?)/year |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the acronym for the permitted LIFETIME ACCUMULATED dose is: |
|
Definition
| MAD - maximum accumulated dose |
|
|
Term
| the ALARA concept states that all radiation must be kept: |
|
Definition
| As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
|
|
Term
| According to the current recommendations (2003) of the NCRP, the current MPD for an occupationally exposed pregnant woman is the same as that for: |
|
Definition
| a non-occupationally exposed person |
|
|
Term
| Radiographs are a (?) comprehensive patient care |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an oral examination limits the practitioner to knowledge of what is seen clinically. Dental Radiographs allow the practitioner to see many conditions that are not apparent clinically. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a use for a dental radiograph includes all of the following except: |
|
Definition
| justification for a bleaching procedure |
|
|
Term
| the purpose of a periapical x-ray is to: |
|
Definition
| examine the entire tooth and supporting bone |
|
|
Term
| which technique examines the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth on a single film? |
|
Definition
| interproximal examination also known as the "bite-wing technique" |
|
|
Term
| which of the following techniques are used for obtaining periapical radiographs? |
|
Definition
| paralleling and bisecting techniques |
|
|
Term
| FMX stands for (?) and is the abbreviation used at ECC Dental Hygiene Clinic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the FMX/CMRS consists of a number of periapical films with ir without bite-wing films. The series may have as few as 4 and up to as many as 21 included |
|
Definition
| the first statement is correct, but the number of films is incorrect |
|
|
Term
| at the ECC Dental Hygiene clinic, a FMX/CMRS consists of a maximum (?) films. |
|
Definition
| 19 (4 bite-wings, 8 posterior periapicals, 7 anterior periapicals) |
|
|
Term
| the type of film placed inside the mouth is considered to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| according to your textbook, "(?) is one of the most important uses of dental radiographs." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the dental radiographers end goal when taking dental x-rays should be |
|
Definition
| take quality dental radiographs |
|
|
Term
| when the guidelines for prescribing dental radiographs are followed, the benefits of detecting disease (?) the risk of exposure to small amounts of radiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| according to your textbook a "dental radiographer" must be proficient in: |
|
Definition
| technique concepts and the technical skills |
|
|
Term
| typically, a "dental radiographer" may be which of the following dental personnel found in a dental office |
|
Definition
| the dental hygienist, the dental assistant, the dentist |
|
|
Term
| as a dental hygienist what is NOT one of your tasks? |
|
Definition
| prescribing dental radiographs |
|
|
Term
| some examples of extraoral films are |
|
Definition
| panoramic, cephalometric, lateral jaw |
|
|
Term
| examples of intraoral films are |
|
Definition
| bitewings, occlusal, periapical |
|
|
Term
| Which of these is NOT an intraoral radiographs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which radiograph is used most often to detect proximal surface dental decay? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which intraoral technique satisfies more shadow casting principles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which intraoral technique is based on the rule of isometry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each of the following is a shadow casting principle EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? |
|
Definition
| Object and image receptor should be perpendicularto each other |
|
|
Term
| Which of these factors does NOT need to be considered when deciding which image receptor size to use when exposing a full mouth series? |
|
Definition
| Previous accumulated exposure |
|
|
Term
| What is the minimum image receptor requirement foran adult full mouth series of periapical radiographs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many size #2 image receptors are required by most health care practices for the exposure of posterior radiographs of a full mouth series? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lining the image receptor up behind the right and leftcentral and lateral incisors to include the mesial halfof the right and left canines describes the imagereceptor placement for which of the following peri- apical radiographs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior periapical image receptors are placed______________ in the oral cavity.Posterior periapical image receptors are placed _____________ in the oral cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where should the embossed identification dot be positioned when taking periapical radiographs? |
|
Definition
| Toward the incisal or occlusal edge of the tooth |
|
|
Term
| The x-ray tube head must be swiveled from side to side to adjust the vertical angulation of the central ray. To avoid overlap error the central ray must be directed perpendicular to the curvature of the arch through the contact points of the teeth. |
|
Definition
| The first statement is false. The second statement is true. |
|
|
Term
| At which of the following settings would the PID be pointing to the floor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An incorrect point of entry will result in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An image receptor positioner/holder must be used with |
|
Definition
| the paralleling technique. the bisecting technique. the bitewing technique. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the correct seating position for the patient during radiographic examinations when an image receptor without an external aiming device is used? |
|
Definition
| Occlusal plane parallel and midsaggital plane per-pendicular to the floor |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the best sequencing for exposing a full mouth series of periapical radiographs? |
|
Definition
| Maxillary anteriors, mandibular anteriors, maxillary posteriors, mandibular posteriors |
|
|
Term
| A desirable film mount should be |
|
Definition
| black, to block out light transmission and prevent glare. |
|
|
Term
| Which of these helps to determine whether the radi-ograph is the patient’s left or right side? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Labial method film mounting positions the identification dot concave. The labial method is the recommended film mounting method. |
|
Definition
| The first statement is false. The second statement is true |
|
|
Term
| Lingual method film mounting positions the identification dot convex. When utilizing the lingual method, the viewer’s right is the patient’s left. |
|
Definition
| Both statements are false. |
|
|
Term
| The degree of darkening of the radiographic image is referred to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| object and image receptor are not parallel. |
|
|
Term
| What shadow casting principle is NOT likely to be met when utilizing the paralleling technique? |
|
Definition
| Object (tooth) and image receptor should be as closeas possible to each other |
|
|
Term
| To compensate for the increased object–image receptor distance needed to achieveparallelism, the target–image receptor distance should be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of these is the correct processing sequence? |
|
Definition
| Develop, rinse, fix, wash, dry |
|
|
Term
| The basic constituents of the developer solution are |
|
Definition
| reducing agent, activator, preservative, restrainer |
|
|
Term
| During which step of the processing procedure are the exposed silver halide crystals reduced to metallic silver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ingredient removes the unexposed/undeveloped silver halide crystals from the film emulsion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ingredient causes the emulsion to soften and swell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ingredient hardens the emulsion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemically, the developer used in an automatic processor contains more _____________ than developer used for manual processing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each of the following should be considered when set- ting up an ideal darkroom EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following colors of safelight filters is safe for processing all film speeds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the minimum safe distance to position the safe-light abovethe work area in the darkroom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the appearance of the radiographic image if a film is exposed to a safelight too long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of these is considered a disadvantage of manual processing over automatic processing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A thermometer is used for manual processing to deter-mine the temperature of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each of the following is necessary and required for manual processing EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ideal temperature for processing film manu- ally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A film may be safely exposed to white light for a wet reading after two or three minutes of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each of the following is true regarding rapid film processing EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? |
|
Definition
| Produces archival (permanent) quality radiographs |
|
|
Term
| Each of the following is an advantage of automatic processing over manual processing EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? |
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| Replenisher is added to the developing solution to compensate for |
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Definition
| oxidation. loss of volume. loss of solution strength. |
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Term
| Which processing method requires the most mainte-nance and the strictest adherence to regular replenish- ment and cleaning? |
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