Term
| developmental failure of anterior abdominal wall |
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Definition
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Term
| fistula formation is associated with which cancer therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
| pt has prostatic hyperplasia and comes into the office complaining of increased frequency, lower abdominal pain and dysuria. These symptoms are consistent with what? |
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Definition
cystitis
Other predisposing factors are pregnancy, neuronal disorders (spinal chord injury and autonomic dysfunction) and catherization and surgery |
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Term
| Organisms that cause cystitis |
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Definition
| Gram -!! E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella |
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Term
| Aspergillus, coccidoidese immitus, polyoma cause cystitis in what type of pts? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pt has been for 2 months and has been catherized for all 1 month. On microscopy you see finger like papillae, edema, and infiltrates, and superficial umberella cells. You ID that the patient has proliferative papillary cystitis a variant of chronic cystitis..the infection is located where in the bladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| an incidential finding where on micro you see subepithelial lymphoid follocles = ? |
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Definition
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Term
A severe type of cystitis tht is associated with urea-splitting bacteria infection in alkalinized urine. will have ulcers coated with calcium and phosphate = ?
Microscopy you will see infiltration extended into muscularis propria and mononuclear infiltrates and FBG reaction |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some causes of granulomatous cystitis? |
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Definition
TB, Syphilis,coccidiomycosis,histoplasmosis
Schistosoma hematobium
malakoplakia
BCG
chrons, sarcoids, rheumatoid
vasculitis (wegners, pan, churg-strauss)
idiopathic |
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Term
| Cause of post surgical cystitis |
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Definition
| immunological reaction - altered antigen related to the procedure |
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Term
| Female pt, age 55, comes in with symptoms of fever, hematuria, pyuria, uregency, pain, weight loss. You see yellow soft plaque like lesions in the trigone and the colon. what does she have if you see Michaelis-Gutman body (calcified phagolysosomes of macrophage containing bacterial debris) on microscopy |
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Definition
malakoplakia
a typical infection by gram - (E. coli) due to dysosomal defects in macrophages |
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Term
| On autopsy, you see atrophy with ulceration of the bladder. Pt had cystitis in addition to other health problems when he was alive. What type of cystitis did the patient have when he was alive knowing the above fact? |
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Definition
| radiation induced cystitis - atrophy is specific to this. |
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Term
| Pt comes in with severe intractable hematuria. You look at his chart and find that he has been taking this medication that could be a cause of his hemorrhagic cystitis? |
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Definition
cytoxan (the metabolite acrolein) is what concentrated in the bladder and destroys it.
Macro observation of a bladder you see sever diffuse hypermia with edema and ulceration
Micro- see polyoma |
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Term
| Female, age 55, presents with dysuria, urgency, frequency, hematuria, generalized pelvic pain. You look at the micro slide and find inflammation and fibrosis throughout ALL layers of the bladder. You have also R/O all other diseases on your differential. What type of infection does this patient have? |
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Definition
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Term
| eosinphilic cystitis is rarely seen in who? |
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Definition
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Term
| hunner's ulcers are seen in |
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Definition
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Term
this is seen with women and kids with allergic disorders.
symptoms: severe frequency, urgency, dysuria, hematuria with periods of remission and exacerbations, spontaneous resolution may occur |
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Definition
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Term
| Benign lesions of bladder: small yellow cysts in LP assoc w/ cystitis |
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Definition
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Term
| florid cystitis is associated with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| you have an older female with a triad of endometrial glands, stroma, hemosiderin laden macrophags and CD10+. Symptoms look like endometriosis. What lesion does this patient have? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most frequent malignant tumor of the urinary tract |
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Definition
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Term
| Bladder cancer is more prominent in men (T/F) |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ plays an important role in the cause of bladder tumors and increases the risk of developing bladder cancer by 2-4 times. |
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Definition
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Term
| schistosoma hematobium causes what type of bladder cancer? |
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Definition
| squamous cell cancer of the bladder |
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Term
| Most common finding of bladder cancer is __ |
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Definition
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Term
| most bladder tumors are ______ and appears like _____ on microscopy |
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Definition
papillary
fat looking fibers, dilated tortuous vasculature, lining thickened (more than 7 cells) |
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Term
| BPH is most common in what lobes of the prostate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Prostatic carcinoma is common in what lobes of the prostate? |
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Definition
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Term
| BPH has a decreased incidence in ______ (3 things) |
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Definition
| Asians, castrates, and alcoholics |
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Term
| Upon digital rectal exmaination, the prostate is described as boddy and soft, smooth and with no nodules. what am I describing? |
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Definition
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Term
| clinical symptoms of BPH includes urinary retention, obstruction, infection, hydroureter, hydronephrosis, falls, bone fractures and this ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| T?F? BPH predisposes carcinoma of the prostate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where will prostate cancer spread? |
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Definition
| seminal vesicles, lymph nodes, bone (osteoblastic) |
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Term
| Diagnosis for prostate cancer is done by |
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Definition
Rectal exam
biopsy
alkaline phosphatase (bone mets)
PSA
bone scans |
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Term
| In this Gleason grade, cells are cribiform, angulated and microcystic |
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Definition
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Term
| Majority of treatable cancers fall between these Gleason grades |
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Definition
| 5-7 (3+3 and 3+4 are the most common!!) |
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Term
| Staging ___ is an incidental finding on biopsy |
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Definition
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Term
Local invasion...staging =
Distant spread...staging =
NX = |
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Definition
T3
T4
Regional lymph nodes |
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Term
N0
mets in regional lymph node or nodes |
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Definition
no regional lymph nods
N1 |
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Term
| Women has pain, localized swelling and inflammation of one breast. You notice a crack in her nipple and she has just delivered a baby. What organism is the most common cause of her discomfort? |
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Definition
Staph. she has acute mastitis.
(breast lecture) |
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Term
| ____ is the most commonly diagnosed grade of breast cancer in the US |
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Definition
| Grade 2 (total score 6-7) |
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Term
| T?F? Infiltrating ductual carcinoma occurs in both pre and postmenopausal women |
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Definition
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Term
| Women with the BRCA1 gene may also be at an increased risk for this other cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| mutation for BRCA1 gene is on _______ chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
| mutation for BRCA2 is on ______ chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
| this type of breast cancer typically does not present as a mass and is discovered as an incidental finding in biopsy. You find that lesions are multi-focal and bilateral and predominantly occurs in premenopausal women. What type of cancer is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| 85% of invasive carcinoma of the breast = ? |
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Definition
| infiltrating ductal carcinoma |
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Term
| 10% of invasive carcinomas of the breast = ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Males with this syndrome have an increased risk of developing breast cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| you have a 40 year old pt who comes in saying that she just noticed a sudden increase in size of this lump in her breast. she says she's had the lump for a very long time and it used to just be smaller in size. what tumor do you suspect? |
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Definition
| Phyllodes AKA giant fibroadenomas or cystosarcoma phyllodes |
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Term
| does phyllodes have a tendency to mets? |
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Definition
| NO, though they tend to recur..it has a good prognosis |
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Term
| Carcinomas of the breast commonly involve which quadrants of the breast? and metastize where? |
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Definition
| Upper quadrants of the breast and mets to axillary lymph nodes |
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Term
| distant mets of breast go to what 2 organs |
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Definition
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Term
| after a mastectomy, a common site of recurrance of cancer is where? |
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Definition
| at the site ofthe scar of the mastectomy |
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Term
| breast mass with lymph node mets or involvement of overlying skin is what stage of breast cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| more extensive cancer which involves extensive adherance to the skin, muscle, lymph nodes that are fixed = what stage? |
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Definition
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Term
| widely mets = what stage of breast cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| List two factors that give a pt with breast cancer a good prognosis |
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Definition
1. axillary lymph nodes contain no malignancy
2. pt. with less than 4 positive lymph nodes |
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Term
Male Genitalia
Q. A complication of inflammation of the glans penis, veneral disease or trauma in which the foreskin is retracted and cannot be reduced. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Prepubital orifice of foreskin is too small to permit retraction behind the glans |
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Term
| a nonspecific infection/inflammation of both the foreskin and the glans of the penis. Usually associated with a phimosis and may be caused by various organisms |
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Definition
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Term
| fibrosis of the penis of unknown etiology. On PE, you see plaque-like scar in the corpora cavrnosa on the dorsum of the penis. The curvature of the penis on erection is associated with pain and have difficult/painful almost impossible intercourse |
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Definition
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Term
| T?F? Non-gonococcal urethritis symptoms last longer then gonococcal urethritis but pts with NGU have no discharge or mucoid discharge obtained after penile stripping. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| fluid in the sac of the tunica vaginalis |
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Term
| dilated veins of the pampiniform plexus |
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Definition
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Term
| second most common cause of inflammation/infection of the testes |
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Definition
| coxsackie B (first is mumps) |
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Term
| most common cause of intertility in young men is |
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Definition
| infection (GC of chlamydia) |
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Term
| Inguinal hernia happens more on which side: left or right |
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Definition
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Term
| What tumors are 4-10x more likely in cryptorchid testes? |
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Definition
Germ cell
(this does not improved after medical treatment) |
|
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Term
| someone with cryptorchism, prepubertal testes might show a sertoli cell nodule which is called |
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Definition
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