Term
| As time progresses the cost of sequencing the human genome...? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the latin genus names of the yeast model organisms |
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Definition
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
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Term
| How many genes does the S. pombe yeast have in total? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many genes does the S. pombe yeast have that are linked exactly to human disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| List five advantages of using yeast as a model organism? |
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Definition
1) Unicellular and grows in a medium
2) Carries out most fundamental eukaryotic cell processes
3)Easier to manipulate genetically
4)Stable haploid and diploid life cycles
5)Complete sequenced genome |
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Term
| List four disadvantages of using yeast as a model organism? |
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Definition
1)Some proteins are organism specific
2)30,000 human genes versus 5,000 yeast genes
3) Some processes are unique to most eukaryotes
4)Human and yeast cells live in very different environments |
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Term
| How can a gene be inserted into the yeast genome? |
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Definition
| Using homologous recombination |
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Term
| What is the S. cerevisiae life cycle? |
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Definition
| Two haploid cells combine to form a diploid cell. Diploid cell then splits into four haploid cells externally |
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Term
| What is the S. pombe life cycle? |
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Definition
| Two haploid cells combine to form a diploid cell. Diploid cell then splits into four haploid cells internally and then the membrane breaks down releasing the cells |
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Term
| How many chromosomes does the S. cerevisiae yeast have? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many genes does the S. cerevisiae yeast have? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromosomes does the S. pombe yeast have? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the functions of new genes identified? |
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Definition
| Gene is removed and then the organism is observed to see how the inhibition of the gene has affected it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How does the S. cerevisiae yeast divide? |
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Definition
| Through a budding mechanism |
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Term
| How does the S. pombe yeast divide? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the chemical signals in the cell cycle differ between yeast and mammals? |
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Definition
| Mammals use cyclins whilst yeast uses Cdc28 |
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Term
| What are the checkpoint/s in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
G0 - Cells stop growing and dividing
G1 - Yeast - Whether they have enough nutrients
- Mammals - Whether they have enough growth factor |
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Term
| What are the checkpoint/s in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
| G2-M - Whether the cell is big enough, has sufficiently replicates DNA and a good environment |
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Term
| What are the checkpoint/s in the M phase of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
| M - Ensures correct spindle attachment |
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Term
| Which checkpoint is most common for cancerous mutations in both yeast and mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many genes in the S. pombe are associated with cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the code for the 'DNA repair genes' in S. cerevisiae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a malfunction in the MSH2 gene mean for the S. cerevisiae? |
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Definition
| DNA is unable to repair itself resulting in a cancer forming |
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Term
| What is the code for the ''Cell cycle checkpoint genes' in S. cerevisiae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a malfunction in the MEC1 and TEL1 gene mean for the S. cerevisiae? |
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Definition
| It is unable to create a protein kinase used in the checkpoints of the cell cycle |
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Term
| What is the code for the gene that is similar to the MEC1 and TEL1 gene in mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the ATM gene code for in mammals? |
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Definition
| Makes the mammal more sensitive to ionising radiation increasing the chance of cancer by X1,000 |
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Term
| What is the code for the 'premature aging gene' in mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a faulty WRN/BLM gene mean for mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the code for the gene that is similar to the WRN/BLM in S. cerevisiae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a faulty SGS1 gene mean for the S. cerevisiae? |
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Definition
| It causes premature aging through a defect in a helicase involved in genome stability |
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Term
| What is the code for the 'neurofibromatosis gene' in mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a faulty NF1 gene mean for mammals? |
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Definition
| They have learning difficulties and motor coordination issues |
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Term
| What is the code for the gene that is similar to the NF1 in S. cerevisiae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a faulty IRA1 and IRA2 gene mean for the S. cerevisiae? |
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Definition
| They code proteins that are similar to those that create neurofibromatosis in mammals |
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