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| Alternative forms of the same gene.For example,the gene controlling flower colour in peas has white and yellow alleles. |
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| A substance produced by white blood cells in response to infection. It finds disease-causing organisms so they can be destroyed by special cells called phagocytes. |
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| Reproduction in which genes are passed on from only one parent. |
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| The four bases- adenine(A), cytosine(C), guanine(G)and thymine (T)- make up the rungs of the DNA ladder.In DNA the bases pair with each other:A always pairs with T and C always pairs with G. |
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| Cancer is a result of rapid uncontrolled growth of cells.These cells form tumours which may spread and invade other organs. |
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| A person whose cells are both a normal and a faulty allele.Symptom-less carriers show no signs of the genetic disorder they are carrying. |
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| The basic unit of life, consisting of a nucleus and cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane. |
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| A feature of an organism.A result of a gene's instructions to a cell,for example, flower colour or blood group. |
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| Thread like structures in the nucleus made up of strings of genes. |
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| A group of genetically identical plants or animals produced asexually from one parent. |
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| A genetic disorder in which the person produces abnormal, sticky mucus in their lungs. |
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| Offspring produced with particular characteristics using either genetic modification or embryo screening. |
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| A chemical containing the code which tells a cell how to develop.DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. |
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| A pattern of bands produced when shortlengths of DNA are separated using an electric current. |
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| An allele which overrides other alleles of a gene so that their effects are hidden. |
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| Selecting embryos with particular characteristics,usually to eliminate inherited disorders. |
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| The surrounding conditions in which an organism develops. |
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| when the nuclei of two sex cells - such as an egg and sperm-join together. |
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| The medical knowledge used in the detection of crime. |
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| A sex cell; for example,an egg or a sperm.Gametes carry only one copy of an allele. |
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| A piece of DNA that contains the instructions needed for a particular characteristic, such as eye colour. |
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| Replacing faulty alleles with working copies of the affected genes. |
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| A term used to describe the decendents of a pair of individuals. For example,the first generation is their children and the second generation is their grandchildren. |
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| The science concerning the inheritance of characteristics. |
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| Techiques used to remove genes from one organism and transfer to another organism. |
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| A project,begun in 1990,which set out to map the human genetic code by working out the sequence of the genes in human DNA. |
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| A term used to describe the passing of genes from parents to off spring. |
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| A small fat-like droplet which can be used to deliver working genes to cells in gene therapy. |
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| The part of a cell which contains genetic material in the form of chromosomes. |
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| An allele whose effects are hidden by the presence of a dominant allele.A recessive allele must be inherited from both parents in order to show its effect in the off spring. |
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| Reproduction in which half the genes are inherited from each of two parents. |
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| Cells which continue to divide and which have the ability to replace cells in all types of tissue. |
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| A term applied to an organism containing genes taken from another species. |
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| A term used to describe an organ which has been donated by one organism and inserted into the body of another, such as a kidney transplant. |
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| This describes the differences shown in a group of organisms; for example, fur colour and flower colour. |
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| A simple particle that enters and infects cells. Mild viruses like the adenovirus, which causes the common cold, may be modified and used to put working copies of genes into faulty cells. |
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